CAGE

Question 1

Why are EM’s religious?

Answer 1

• Cultural transtition theory
• Cultural defence
• marginalisation
• relative deprivation

Question 2

What does Pryce argue about Pentecostalism?

Answer 2

Pryce- argue Pentecostalism emphasises the importance of family, community and hard work

Question 3

What are Bird’s 5 reasons for high religiosity ?

Answer 3

• origin
• solidarity
• identity
• pressure
• oppression

Question 4

Who speaks about relative deprivation?

Answer 4

Norris and Inglehart - existential security theory

Question 5

Who speaks about the theodicy of the deprivilege?

Answer 5

Weber - theodicy of disprivilege - the idea people will be rewarded for their poverty. Rewards like salvation and heaven

Question 6

Who supports the theodicy of disprivilege argument?

Answer 6

Marx - argues religion uses promise of heaven to distract the w/c from the cause of exploitation

Question 7

What theory argues that religious institution can act as agents of revolutionary change for EM’s?

Answer 7

Neo marxism

Question 8

Analysis that O’ Beirne found

Answer 8

White Christians rarely ranked religion as central to their identity

African Caribbean ranked religion as the third most important factor to their identity

Question 9

Gender and religion- What are the patriarchal religions and why?

Answer 9

Abrahamic religions assumedly serve only a male God

Question 10

Gender and religion- What are the gender neutral/ equal religions?

Answer 10

Hinduism - serve idols who are both male and female

Question 11

Gender and religion- What does miller and hoffman say?

Answer 11

women are more likely to take interest in religion and have stronger commitment:

• due to socialisation - they were taught to be submissive and obedient = compatible with religion
• due to roles - women have low rates of paid work so have more time

Question 12

Gender and religion- what does Greeley say about when a woman has a family?

Answer 12

Greeley- argues when women start caring for a family they assume a greater responsibility and get more of a religious outlook

Question 13

Gender and religion- Who speaks about the diversity of women in religion and what do they say?

Answer 13

Woodhead- divided contemporary women in 3 ways :

• the home centred
• jugglers
• the work centred

Question 14

Gender and religion- Analysis to show that women was declining in religion in 1989- 1998

Answer 14

Brierley- states that between 1989- 1998 more than 65, 000 women were lost from churches

Question 15

Age and religion- What are the 3 reasons for elderly’s greater religiosity?

Answer 15

• generational effect
• disengagement
• ageing effect

Question 16

Age and religion- What does Brierley say about elderly 65+ and attending church?

Answer 16

Brierley- argues age 65+ are more likely to attend church

Question 17

Age and religion- Who says youth have more spiritual choice ?

Answer 17

Lynch- argues increased spiritual choice- young people are exposed to diversity of choice

Question 18

Age and religion- What did Mayo say about young people and how they feel regarding following rules?

Answer 18

Mayo- said that young people in the past felt compelled to follow rules but British culture has more individualism

Question 19

Age and religion- What does Bruce say about religious education?

Answer 19

Bruce- shows there is a decline in religious education. The church of England are unable to recruit young people through socialisation of religious education.

Question 20

Age and religion- Analysis to show what young people thought of the church ?

Answer 20

Brierley- saw that 87% of 10-14 year olds found church boring, repetitive, uncool and old fashioned

Question 21

Age and religion- What does levitts argue about church attendance?

Answer 21

church attendance declines every generation

Question 22

Age and religion- What does Fahmy say about how many young people attend church?

Answer 22

Fahmy- 4% of young people 16-24 years attend church regularly

Question 23

Age and religion- What is the generational effect?

Answer 23

where the elderly were grown up with religious values thus as they are religious now and have stayed religious

Question 24

Age and religion- What is disengagement?

Answer 24

This is where people have become detached with society so have more time to offer to the community

Question 25

Age and religion- What is the ageing effect?

Answer 25

This is where the elderly as they are growing older think more about the afterlife and where they are going

Question 26

Class and religion- who tend to be the poorest and thus most religious in society ethnic minorities?

Answer 26

muslims tend to be the poorest and most religiously active in society.

Question 27

Class and religion - what does Holden say about Jehovah witnesses?

Answer 27

Jehovah witnesses tend to be from a working class background and work in jobs with little interaction so seek it through conversionism

Question 28

Class and religion - measuring class’ by church attendance?

Answer 28

Ashworth and Farthing- churchgoing is associated with the middle class