Caffeine Flashcards
World’s most commonly used drug for psychoactive effects
Caffeine
What % of the worlds population consumes some drink or substance that contains caffeine every day
80%
Order the following in terms of who drinks the most caffeine: the world, UK, Canada, Sweden, the world, US
world, Canada, US, Sweden, UK
Chemical name of caffeine
1,3,7-trimethylxanthine
What other methylxanthines are often found in combination with caffeine?
Theophylline and theobromine are dimethylxanthines
What % of plants does mathylxanthine occur in
60%
What purpose do xanthines serve in plants and how
protective - insects eat it,increased production of octopamine, an excitatory neurotransmitter, which leads to over excitation and death
Why is octopamine ideal as a pesticide
It doesn’t have an effect on mammilian nervous system so there is no similar reaction in animals that there is in insects
Plants that contain methylxanthine
coffee, tea, yerba mate, guarana, kola nut, cacoa
How is yerba mate and guarana used?
yerba - steep like tea, guarana - brewing berries like coffee
What is found in a variety of energy drinks marketed in north america (examples)
Guarana (Bawls, Jolt, Rockstar)
What is considered to be the earliest caffeine containing beverage used for psycho stimulating effects? When is the earliest mention of it?
tea - 2737 B.C from China
When did tea migrate out of eastern asia
1500s
How was tea discovered and by who
Chinese emperor Shen Nung, boiled water to ensure cleanliness, accidentally dropped tea leaf in it, voila
When was tea introduced into Europe
1500s when European traders returned from forays to the far east
Tea drinking did not gain popularity in Europe except for …
England and Russia
What did the British do in an effort to meet demand for tea? What did this have a part in leading to?
forced Chinese to accept opium in payment for tea, and this was one of the reasons for the so called Opium wars in mid 1800s
Who was the first shipment of tea to Canada imported by and when?
1700s, Hudsons bay company
What is an approximate amount of caffeine in a standard cup of tea
50mg, though caffeine content of tea varies depending on condition of brewing
What is Theophylline equipotent to and what is it found in?
found in tea, equipotent to caffeine
What is the legend associated with the discovery of coffee
an ethiopian goatherder noticed his goats in a state of behavioral excitation and traced it to the berries of a plant they ate, made a beverage from them
At the beginning of coffee consumption, how was it used? how did this change?
chewed and later fermented juice was drank
What grounds were there for sporadic bands on caffeine? What was the reasoning?
religious, considered to be an intoxicant like alcohol
When were all coffee houses closed down and by who
1633 - Sultan Murad IV
