Caesar Flashcards
early life
born 100BC
socially eminent family but politically minor
nephew to Marius
gradual build up of offices along cursos honorum
61- governor of further spain, looking for consulship
Pompey
for a lot of his career, he was the most powerful man in Rome
large client base due to family patronage
supporter of sulla
held extraordinary command posts for late 70s
uneasy with caesar through first triumvirate
marries caesars sister julia
civil war with caesar 49-48, resulting in his defeat and execution (48)
Crassus
supporter of sulla
made a fortune through proscriptions - one if wealthiest men in rome
command against spartacus slave revolt
killed fighting parthians in 63BC
cicero
new man- equestrian background
makes a name for himself in law courts
supporter of pompey from mid 60s onwards
consul in 63- catilinarian conspiracy
never recovers politically from fall out from this
supports pompey in civil was and caesar’s dictatorship
killed in augustus’ proscriptions
rise of pompey
after sulla’s victory, established power base in spain and by 77 holds most of peninsula
sent against mithridates in 77BC
after mithridates’ pompey returns to rome and given second triumph
70- pompey elected consul even though 7 years too young
67- war against pirates - given 3 years of extraordinary power , only needs 3 months
Mithridates
1st war 89-85
2nd war 83-81
3rd war ongoing
politics in rome interfering with roman victory
pompey’s power extended to all of asia in order to deal with him
after suicide, pompey stays and reorganizes east - new client kingdoms and 3 new provinces
wanted land for his veterans
catilinarian conspiracy
cicero beats catiline to consulship
catiline supported by caesar and crassus, runs again in 62 and fails again
attempt to stage a coup in response
cicero gets word and denounces him in senate, causes him to flee
ciceo rakes drastic action- kills 5 ringleaders without trial
catiine defeated in battle in 62
cicero considered himself saviour of republic
the first triumvirate
get caesar elected consul in 59
by end of year, other consul is a non-entity
crassus gets tax farming
pompey gets east ratified and land for veterans
at end of year, caesar get gallia transalpina ans cisalpina
pro-consulship
given command for 5 years
caesar goes to province, pompey stays to maintain control in rome
traveled gaul in summer, bunked down nearer rome in winter to be nearer to politics
Helvetii cross rhine- excuse to rampage around gaul for 6 years
55- goes to britain
52- revolt of vercingetorix and alecia (gergovia and aventicum)
Luca
56BC triumvirate meeting avoiding tensions leading to a conflict caesar gets 5 more years as pro-consul pompey gets 5 years in spain crassus gets 5 years in syria crassus and pompey consuls in 55
turning of tide
death of julia
53- death of crassus
52- rioting in rome- conuls cant be elected
pompey elected sole consul
marries scipios daughter- begins rift with caesar
caesars pro-consulship due to end in 49
start of civil war
senate demands caesar give up army or be prosecuted
casaer wants pompey to do same, but threatened with becoming enemy of state by senate
caesar seen not to have any other choice- crosses the rubicon 49
civil war
pompey put in charge of opposition
pompey/senate leave for greece
mark antony put in charge of italy, caesar goes to spain to sort things out
returns to rome then to macedonia to defeat pompey
pompey flees to egypt, where assasinated
caesar now last man standing
caesars reforms
calendar - july debt relief tribute system new senate house new colones for veterans building programme - forum iulium
caesar in power
uses own councillors, not senate sets precedent for senators building monuments etc 46- dictator for 10 years 44- dictator for life 44- ides of march - theatre of pompey
