Cadio Flashcards
Define atherosclerosis
A specific type of ateriosclerosis associated with the build up of plaques in the artery
Define arteriosclerosis
A term used to describe the hardening and stiffening of medium and large arteries
Name 5 risk factors of arteriosclerosis
Age Males Hypertension Diabetes Smoking
What are the main complications of arteriosclerosis
Head- cerebral infarction, subarachnoid haemorrhages
Heart- myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia
Kidney-renal artery stenosis
Peripheral vessels- claudication
Define an aneurysm
A localised abnormal dilation of the blood or the heart
Give the 5 classifications of aneurysms
1-atherosclerotic 2-berry 3-dissecting 4-cardiac 5-syphilitic 6-micro
What areas are mainly affected by atherosclerotic aneurysms
Abdominal aorta and iliac arteries
Thus restricting blood flow to the lower extremities
Where is the berry aneurysm found
In the circle of willis at the base of the brain
Causing subarachnoid haemorrhages
Where are micro aneurysms found
Middle branches of cerebral arteries haemorrhages
Retinal micro aneurysms are seen in hypertension and diabetes
Where are syphilitic aneurysms found
On the vasa vasorum arterioles feeding the arterial wall causing fibrosis and weakening aortic wall
Name 4 types of hypertension
Primary
Secondary
Malignant
Benign
What are the effects of systemic hypertension on
Vessels
Vessels- accelerate atherosclerosis muscular arteries have hypertrophy, increased protein deposition
What are the effects of systemic hypertension on heart
Accelerates coronary atherosclerosis
Ischemic heart disease
Left ventricle hypertrophy
What are the effects of systemic hypertension on kidney
Glomerular sclerosis
Renal vascular sclerosis
Proteinuria
What are the effects of systemic hypertension on brain
Intra cerebral haemorrhages
What causes pulmonary hypertension outside the lung
Left ventricle failure
Mitral stenosis
What causes pulmonary hypertension inside the lung
1Emphysema and chronic bronchitis resulting in hypoxia and vasoconstriction
2 pulmonary emboli obstruct blood vessels and reduce vascular bed
Give 5 results of pulmonary hypertension
Rapid lv failure causing blood to flow into alveolar and interstitial spaces causing dyspnoea Pulmonary arterior wall hypertrophy Haemorrhages into alveolar spaces Haemosiderin laden macrophages Right ventricle hypertrophy
Give 3 effects of diabetic hypertension
1- accelerated atherosclerosis causes peripheral vascular ischemia and gangrene
2-hypertensive vascular disease damages kidneys causing kiemmelsteil wilson nodular glomeruloscherosis
3-capilary micro angiopathy
Define vasculitis
Inflammation of the blood vessels
Give 2 complications of vasiculitis
Thromosis resulting in
Ischemia or infarction
Name 5 types of vasiculitis disease
Giant cell arteries
Pulseless takayashu disease
Buergers disease
Kawasaki vasiculitis
Name 3 types of benign tumours
Haemangioma- tumor of small blood vessel
Glomus tumor- finger
Arterio venous malformation- face
Name 2 types of malignant tumors
Angiosarcoma- lower limbs head and neck
Kaposis sarcoma- hiv associated
