CAD

Question 1

Manifestations of atherosclerosis

Answer 1

-angina pectoris***
-epigastric distress
-pain that radiates to jaw or left arm
-SOB
-atypical sx in women
-MI, HF, sudden cardiac death

Question 2

Risk factors for CAD (modifiable)

Answer 2

-cholesterol abnormalities
-tobacco
-HTN
-DM

Question 3

Risk factors for CAD (non-modifiable)

Answer 3

-fam hx
-age
-gender
-race
-genetics
-hx of premature menopause

Question 4

Prevention of CAD

Answer 4

-control cholesterol
-dietary
-physical activity
-cessation of tobacco
-manage HTN
-control DM

Question 5

Angina pectoris

Answer 5

-reversible ischemia
-viable for 20 mins
-prolonged ischemia leads to MI, HF, death
-stable: relieved with rest
-unstable: not relived with rest

Question 6

Older adult considerations for angina/CAD

Answer 6

-diminished pain
-“silent” CAD
-teach to recognize chest pain like sx
-CV risk factors
-meds used cautiously
-modify physical activity

Question 7

Tx for angina/CAD

Answer 7

-meds
-O2
-reduce and control risk factors
-decrease O2 demand and increase O2 supply

Question 8

Rapid acting nitrate

Answer 8

-buccal
-pain persists after 3 doses call 911
-conjunction with rest or cessation of activity
-prophylactically

Question 9

Long acting nitrate

Answer 9

-PO or topical
-reduce # of atk
-given during periods of anginal atk
-schedule “nitrate free” periods to prevent tolerance

Question 10

Interventions to tx angina

Answer 10

-stop activity (semi Fowler)
-VS, resp status, pain
-admin meds (reassess pain q 5 mins)
-admin O2 (2L/min NC)

Question 11

Interventions for invasive cardiac intervention

Answer 11

-maintain F/E balance
-adequate gas exchange
-minimize sensory perception imbalance
-maintain tissue perfusion