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ENGLISH C1.1 > CA5 > Flashcards

CA5 Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

stock market

A

mercat de valors

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2
Q

to feature

A

(verb) have as a prominent attribute or aspect.
the hotel features a large lounge, a sauna, and a coin-operated solarium
sinònims: present, promote, make a feature of, give prominence to, focus attention on, spotlight,

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3
Q

some tips on how to hedge when you do not want to fully commit to something

A

alguns consells sobre com protegir-se quan no vol comprometre plenament a alguna cosa

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4
Q

White collar crime

A

delinqüència de guà blanc

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5
Q

Hedging: typical language in

news reports

A

Cobertura: el llenguatge típic de

notícies

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6
Q

taking bribes and kickbacks

A

acceptar suborns i comissions il·legals

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7
Q

On the rise

A

Fig. increasing in frequency or intensity. The number of auto thefts in Cook County is on the rise again.

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8
Q

the news warns us

A

les noticies ens adverteixen

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9
Q

to catch your eye

A

cridar l’atenció

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10
Q

headline

A

titular

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11
Q

to make front page news

A

omplir primeres pàgines

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12
Q

shrubbery

A

arbustos

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13
Q

Hedging

The literal meaning of hedging is a protective boundary made by thick shrubbery.

The other meaning is when sometimes you don’t want to state a fact categorically as you are not 100% certain that it is true or you don’t think that you can prove it is true and so you use certain words/expressions to distance or ‘protect’ yourself from the statement.

This type of hedging and is very common in news reports and it is also used in academic writing when the author wants to make a claim or assertion that is proportional to the evidence available, or to protect themselves from the risk of error or sometimes to simply convey modesty.

The fire was caused by an electrical fault.
(This sentence indicates certainty and is presented as a fact)
vs.

The fire seems to have been caused by an electrical fault.
(This sentence suggests possibility but not certainty)

A

Exemples:

t seems that he was fired because of his incompetence.
It appears that the rumours are true.
The election result seems to be inevitable.
The world’s climate appears to be undergoing a complete change.

It would seem that he was fired because of his incompetence.
It would appear that the rumours are true.
The election result would seem to be inevitable.
The world’s climate would appear to be undergoing a complete change.

It is understood that he was fired because of his incompetence.
It is believed that the rumours are true.
The election result is thought to be inevitable.
The world’s climate is supposed to be undergoing a complete change.

It is quite feasible that he was fired because of his incompetence.
It is probable that the rumours are true.
It is unlikely that the election result will be inevitable.
It is highly likely that the world’s climate is undergoing a complete change.

Apparently he was fired because of his incompetence.
Perhaps the rumours are true.
Supposedly the election result will be inevitable.
Presumably the world’s climate is undergoing a complete change.

There is little doubt that he was fired because of his incompetence.
There is some doubt that the rumours are true.
There is little doubt that the world’s climate is undergoing a complete change.
There is little evidence of the election result being inevitable.

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14
Q

Allegedly

A

suposadament, pretesament

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15
Q

Reportedly

Reportedly low energy costs are responsible for the drop in living costs.

A

segons s’informa

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16
Q

stunt

A

truc

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17
Q

unsaleable

A

invendible

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18
Q

The haunting depiction

A

La representació obsessiva

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19
Q

widespread speculation

A

especulació generalitzada

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20
Q

snach

A

arrabassar

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21
Q

arsonist

A

incendiari

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22
Q

attorney

A

advocat

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23
Q

balaclavas

A

passamuntanyes

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24
Q

I dunno

A

jo no sé

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25
Q

hedging:not stating a fact categorically

A

apparently, I guess

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26
Q

Showing surprise:

A

No way!

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27
Q

Checking for common ground:

A

Don’t you thing?

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28
Q

Changing the direction of the conversation:

A

Anyway

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29
Q

Gaining time for order your thoughts:

A

I dunno; Well

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30
Q

unreliable

A

poc fiable

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31
Q

clumsy

A

maldestre

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32
Q

witty

A

enginyós

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33
Q

the minder

A

el cuidador

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34
Q

ridden by angst

A

afflicted by anxiety

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35
Q

I came up with

A

I created

36
Q

Slightly dodgy

A

a little unreliable

37
Q

On tenterhooks

A

anxious

38
Q

exhilarating

A

exciting

39
Q

pier

A

moll

40
Q

understatement

A

the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.

41
Q

wax

A

cera

42
Q

basement

A

soterrani

43
Q

financial trader

A

operador financer

44
Q

spoofing

A

imitate (something) while exaggerating its characteristic features for comic effect.

45
Q

created havoc on

A

va causar estralls a

46
Q

duping the market

A

falsejar el mercat

47
Q

backdrop

A

nom
a painted cloth hung at the back of a theater stage as part of the scenery.
Alex is happy with the Art Alliance and has volunteered to paint some scenery backdrops for them.
verb
provide a background or setting for.
an ornate fountain, and at its center, backdropped with golden spray, a statue of a young girl

48
Q

mayhem

A

violent or damaging disorder; chaos.

49
Q

duping

A

deceive; trick.
the newspaper was duped into publishing an untrue story
sinònims: deceive, trick, hoodwink, hoax, swindle, defraud, cheat, double-cross, gull, mislead,

50
Q

keep themselves to themselves.

A

són reservats

51
Q

glitch

A

malfunction

52
Q

eager to

A

desitjosos de

53
Q

Some are obviously myths, others are fictional stories while others purport to be true.

A

purport=pretenen

54
Q

she-wolf

A

lloba

55
Q

quarrel

A

have an angry argument or disagreement.

stop quarreling with your sister

56
Q

goatherder

A

pastor de cabres

57
Q

abound

A

to be plentiful (abunden)

58
Q

cogently

A

coherentment

59
Q

partridge

A

any of a variety of game birds

60
Q

wild boars

A

senglars

61
Q

he established a special bond with

A

establir un vincle especial amb

62
Q

bears few grudges

A

portar rencors

63
Q

deserve

A

adjectiu
worthy of being treated in a particular way, typically of being given assistance.
the deserving poor
sinònims: worthy, meritorious, commendable, praiseworthy, admirable, estimable, creditable, respectable, decent, honorable, righteous; meriting, warranting, justifying, suitable for, worthy of
verb
do something or have or show qualities worthy of (reward or punishment).
the referee deserves a pat on the back for his bravery
sinònims: merit, earn, warrant, rate, justify, be worthy of, be entitled to, have a right to, be qualified for

64
Q

milestone

A

an action or event marking a significant change or stage in development. (fita)

the speech is being hailed as a milestone in race relations
sinònims: landmark, significant event, achievement, highlight, watershed, benchmark, touchstone

65
Q

brief stint

A

short time

66
Q

Bears few grudges

A

is rarely resentful

67
Q

a den

A

un cau

68
Q

indebted

A

endeutat

69
Q

resentful

A

resentit

70
Q

let down

A

a disappointment or a feeling of disappointment.
the election was a bit of a letdown
sinònims: disappointment, anticlimax, comedown, nonevent, fiasco, setback, blow,

71
Q

Negative Expressions

Inverted word order: auxiliary/modal verb + subject + main verb

I have never seen such incompetence.
Never have I seen such incompetence

A

If a sentence doesn’t have an auxiliary verb or modal verb, then do, does or did is inserted

The HR manager hardly ever replies to my emails.
Hardly ever does the HR manager reply to my emails.

72
Q 
Never (before)
Hardly ever
Scarcely
Seldom
Rarely
No sooner…than
Not only…but also
Under no circumstances
In no way
A

I had just begun talking when she interrupted me.
No sooner had I begun talking than she interrupted me.

You cannot re-enter the building until the fire drill is over.
Under no circumstances can you re-enter the building until the fire drill is over.

It won’t go against your application in any way.
In no way will it go against your application.

73
Q

When little has a negative meaning we can use inversion.

She didn’t know that her colleagues were planning a surprise party for her.

A

Little did she know that her colleagues were planning a surprise party for her.

74
Q

We use inversion after a clause with the following expressions:
Not until + Subject & Verb + Inversion.

He didn’t realise it was his neighbours who had won the lottery until he saw their new car.

A

Not until he saw his neighbours’ new car did he realise they were the ones who had won the lottery.

75
Q

I had just begun talking when she interrupted me.

You cannot re-enter the building until the fire drill is over.

It won’t go against your application in any way.

A

No sooner had I begun talking than she interrupted me.

Under no circumstances can you re-enter the building until the fire drill is over.

In no way will it go against your application.

76
Q

Not since + Subject & Verb + Inversion

He hadn’t had so much fun since he was a child.

A

Not since he was a child had he had so much fun.

77
Q

Only after + Subject & Verb + Inversion

He didn’t realise it was his neighbours who had won the lottery until he saw their new car.

A

Only after seeing the new car did he realise that it was his neighbours who had won the lottery.

78
Q

Only when + Subject & Verb + Inversion
Only if + Subject & Verb + Inversion

You may only leave the room once you have finished the exam.

A

Only if/when you have finished the exam may you leave the room.

79
Q

• Inversions can be used with 3rd conditionals and mixed conditionals with had. If is omitted and the subject and auxiliary verb are inverted. These structures are not necessarily formal or literary.

If I had known that she was having problems, I would have helped her.

A

Had I known that she was having problems, I would have helped her.

80
Q

NB: The negative form is not contracted.

If we hadn’t already filled the position, we would certainly consider your application.

A

Had we not already filled the position, we would certainly consider your application.

81
Q

2nd conditionals can only be inverted when the if-clause contains were. If is omitted and the subject and auxiliary verb are inverted. The style is formal or literary.

If the president were to resign, the country would face a constitutional crisis.

A

Were the president to resign, the country would face a constitutional crisis.

82
Q

1st conditionals can only be inverted when the if-clause contains should. If is omitted and the subject and modal verb are inverted. The style is formal or literary

A

Should you require further assistance, we will provide it at a reasonable cost.

83
Q

bungee jumping

A

pointing, salt de pont

84
Q

A good deed creates a ‘virtuous circle’, where one good deed may lead to another.
“This means there are knock-on effects for civilisation.”

A

Una bona acció crea un “cercle virtuós”, on una bona acció pot donar lloc a un altre.
“Això vol dir que hi ha efectes en cadena de la civilització.”

85
Q

nothing short of stunning.

A

poc menys que impressionant

86
Q

byproduct

A

subproducte

ENGLISH C1.1 (5 decks)

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