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Y2 Pharmaco > CA2 TYS Learning Pts + MC’s Drugs > Flashcards

CA2 TYS Learning Pts + MC’s Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

(T/F) Thiopentone is a long-acting GA

A

False
- barbiturate
- rapid induction & rapid recovery

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2
Q

(T/F) Nephrotoxicity is dependent on metabolism to fluoride

A

True

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3
Q

(T/F) Non-ionised metabolites from LA will bind to the voltage-sensitive sodium channel

A

False
- charged form of LA: most active, cannot readily exit Na+ channels
- uncharged form: impt for rapid penetration of lipid membranes

What happens:
- uncharged LA will get absorbed into the cell membrane of a nerve
- inside the cell, it becomes charged and binds/plugs the Na channel from inside

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4
Q

(T/F) Bupivacaine is most cardiotoxic

A

True
- most hydrophobic => most likely to penetrate lipid membrane
- thus, prolonged DOA
- CVS is most extensively affected by LAs
=> arteriolar dilation & depression of myocardial contractility => systemic hypotension (mean arterial pressure decrease)
=> arrhythmia

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5
Q

(T/F) Lidocaine used with adrenaline to reduce systemic absorption

A

True

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6
Q

(T/F) LAs cause toxicity in CNS & CVS

A

True

CVS (most extensively effected):
- arteriolar dilation & depress myocardial contractility => systemic hypotension
- arrhythmia
- indirect effects on autonomic nervous system

CNS:
- sleepy, lightheaded, restless, visual & auditory disturbances
- at higher conc: nystagmus, muscle twitching, seizures, coma

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7
Q

(T/F) Cocaine causes an increase in blood pressure

A

True (according to TYS)
- cuz it induces catecholamine secretion (activates sympathetic system)

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8
Q

(T/F) Cerebral blood flow and intracranial blood flow decreases from inhaled GAs

A

False
- CVS: decreased mean arterial pressure => increased cerebral blood flow due to lowered vascular resistance
- undesirable in px w high intracranial pressure
- use NO instead of halothane cuz its less likely to increase cerebral blood flow

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9
Q

(T/F) Nephrotoxicity dependent on extent of metabolism of F (for inhaled GAs)

A

True

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10
Q

(T/F) Rate of onset and recovery rate related to blood solubility for inhaled GAs

A

True

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11
Q

(T/F) MAC related to blood solubility, in inhaled GAs

A

True
MAC: minimum alveolar concentration

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12
Q

(T/F) In conscious sedation, px can still respond to verbal communication

A

True

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13
Q

(T/F) Prednisone is a prodrug

A

True
- prodrug of prednisolone
- like how cortisone is prodrug of cortisol

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14
Q

(T/F) small nerves are more sensitive to LA than large nerves

A

True

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15
Q

Which of the following is least likely to affect absorption of insulin?
1. Depth of injection
2. Concurrent acute infection
3. Concentration of insulin
4. Physical activity
5. Site of injection

A

Ans: concentration of insulin

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16
Q

(T/F) inhaled salmeterol increases CAMP levels in smooth muscle airway

A

True
- long acting slow onset B2 agonist
- increases cAMP => increase K+ conductance => decrease intracellular Ca2+ & MLCK => ASM relaxation

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17
Q

How long does Salmeterol last?

A

12h
- same for formoterol
- indacaterol lasts for 24 hrs

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18
Q

(T/F) salmeterol causes urinary retention

A

False

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19
Q

(T/F) Warfarin reduces Vit K pool

A

True
- warfarin issa vitamin k antagonist
- oral administration, slow onset
- crosses placenta, cannot use in pregnancy
- teratogen

20
Q

(T/F) warfarin is a teratogen

A

True
- crosses placenta
- can cause fetal warfarin syndrome, birth defects, haemorrhagic fetus, abortion

21
Q

(T/F) warfarin binds to factor 10a which prevents coagulation cascade

A

False
- it doesnt bind to factor 10a
- but takes away vit k which means 10a cannot be gamma carboxylated

22
Q

(T/F) warfarin prevents gamma carboxylation of factor 10a

A

True
- vit K: essential cofactor in carboxylation of glutamate residues
- warfarin => causes vit k to be stuck in oxidised form by inhibiting the vit k reductase enzyme
- no vit k to enable gamma carboxylation of factor 10a

23
Q

(T/F) Clopidogrel is used for arterial thrombosis

A

True
- tldr: inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation

24
Q

Mefenamic acid issa

A

Selective cox2 inhibitor
- better for px w acid reflux and dyspepsia

25
Q

List the non-selective cox inhibitors

A
  1. Naproxen
  2. Ibuprfen
  3. Diclofenac
26
Q

What side effect is most common in midazolam?

A

Amnesia

27
Q

Man in dental chair has a panic attack. What drug would you administer?

A

Oral/IV diazepam (benzodiazepine)
- long acting (1 day)

28
Q

What is the emergency treatment for status epilepticus?

A

IV diazepam/lorazepam

29
Q

(T/F) NO is a GA drug often used for labour pains

A

True
- used as analgesic

30
Q

(T/F) lipid solubility of inhaled GA affects rate of onset

A

False
- solubility in blood affects the onset and recovery

31
Q

(T/F) MAC is defined as the 50% of the immobilization in patients during skin incision

A

True
MAC: minimum arterial conc

32
Q

(T/F) LA can be injected in epidural space for regional anaesthesia

A

True

33
Q

(T/F) LA is most effective in small myelinated sensory nerves

A

True
- more effective in small nerves than in big nerves

34
Q

(T/F) LA is administered w adrenaline to increase absorption

A

False
- slows down rate of absorption of systemic => allows greater uptake of anaesthetic by nerves => enhance effect of block

35
Q

(T/F) LA works by inhibition of sodium channels

A

True

What happens:
- uncharged LA will get absorbed into the cell membrane of a nerve
- inside the cell, it becomes charged and binds/plugs the Na channel from inside

36
Q

(T/F) LAs are less effective in inflamed tissues

A

True

37
Q

(T/F) lidocaine is a long acting amide LA

A

False
- it is a medium acting amide LA

38
Q

(T/F) ester LAs are easily broken down in plasma by cholinesterases

A

True

39
Q

(T/F) Cocaine causes vasoconstriction

A

True
- unlike other LAs that cause arteriolar vasodilation

40
Q

(T/F) naproxen is a cox 1 selective inhibitor

A

False
- non selective

41
Q

Patient taking naproxen for pain, comes back w nausea and heartburn. What is the likely cause?

A

Cox 1 inhibition

42
Q

(T/F) All NSAIDs cause bruising at anti-inflammatory and analgesic doses

A

False

43
Q

(T/F) all NSAIDs cause water retention at anti-inflammatory and analgesic doses

A

True

44
Q

(T/F) all NSAIDs impair wound healing at anti-inflammatory and analgesic doses

A

True

45
Q

(T/F) all NSAIDs are contraindicated at third trimester of pregnancy at anti-inflammatory and analgesic doses

A

True

46
Q

A 35 yr old px w asthma & history of wheezing n urticaria had naproxen. Intends to undergo a dental procedure & expected to have mild postoperative pain. Which analgesia is most suitable for this patient?

A

Paracetamol

(Not aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen or morphine)

Y2 Pharmaco (22 decks)

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