CA Key Terms - MSM & WMM Flashcards

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1
Q

Multi-Store Model

A

Proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) that info flows unidirectionally from the sensory buffer to STM to LTM if attention is paid to the info & it is rote-rehearsed

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2
Q

Working Memory Model

A

Proposed by Baddeley & Hitch (1974) that STM is not a single store but rather consists of a # of diff. stores (modalities)

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3
Q

Capacity

A

# of units of info that can be held in a memory store

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4
Q

Duration

A

Amt. of time for which info can be held in a memory store

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5
Q

Memory

A

A cognitive process (CP) of encoding, storing & retrieving info

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6
Q

Primacy Effect

A

A memory phenomenon where only the 1st several words on the list are rmbed better than words from the middle of the list

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7
Q

Recency Effect

A

A memory phenomenon where only the last several words on the list are rmbed better than words from the middle of the list

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8
Q

Articulatory Suppression

A

Research technique where Ps (participants) have to repeat a seq. of sounds while simultaneously performing an experimental task

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9
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

When you can’t form new memories after a specified time/event

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10
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

Loss of memory before a specified time/event
* Often caused by brain injury

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11
Q

Dual Task Technique

A

Research technique where Ps are exposed simultaneously to 2 sets of stimuli, either of the same or diff. modalities

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12
Q

Phonological Similarity Effect

A

A memory phenomenon where stimuli that have a similar pattern of articulation are more likely to be confused in memory, even when presented visually

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13
Q

Word Length Effect

(not that important?)

A

A memory phenomenon where the estimated capacity of STM depends on the length of the words on the list presented to the participants

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14
Q

Heuristic Model

A

a model/theory that inspires new hypotheses in a certain area

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15
Q

Parsimonious Model

A

a model that can explain a lot of observations w/ only a limited # of components

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16
Q

Sensory Buffer

A

STM storage of memory received through at least 1 of the 5 senses
* Duration: 1~5s
* Information passes from SB to STM through attention

17
Q

Short-Term Memory

A

Capacity to store a small amt. of info in the mind & keep it readily available for a short period of time
* Duration: 12~30s
* Memories can be lost via displacement/decay

18
Q

Long-Term Memory

A

Memories transferred from the STM to LTM that enables one to retain, encode & retrieve their memories
* Duration: unknown but potentially unlimited
* Memories processed semantically (by meaning)
* Memories can be lost via interference, decay & retrieval failure

19
Q

Rote-rehearsal

A

Repeatedly recalling memory over an extended period of time

20
Q

Top-Down Processing

A

Using prior experiences to make sense of the new info we encounter
* Decisions made from top-down processing are made automatically
* More confident in them bc it happens so quickly & subconsciously that there’s** no room for doubt**

i.e. seeing the chair u stubbed ur toe on before & avoiding it

21
Q
A
22
Q

Bottom-Up Processing

A

Info processed in the mind via pre-stored info in the memory
* Decisions made w/ reasoning

23
Q

Bomboardment of Stimuli

A

Since we cannot process all the stimuli in our environment we have to sort, colalte & categorize info in order for us to understand it & be able to retrieve it easily

24
Q

Episodic Memory

A

When we remember specific events/details
* Takes effort to remember

25
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Act of being able to perform things w/o consciously thinking abt it

i.e. skills—reading, speaking, writing, driving

26
Q

Cognitive Offloading

A

Act of taking effort to recall certain memories

27
Q

Semantic Memory

A

Factual knowledge

28
Q

Facial Recognition

A

Ability to recall & recognize faces

29
Q

Explicit Memory

A

Conscious memories
* Expressed thru recollection

30
Q

Implicit Memory

A

Unconscious memories
* expressed thru performance (i.e. act of reading)

31
Q

Incongruency Effect

A

When something is incongruent, we are more likely to recall it

32
Q

Serial Position Effect

A

Coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus, a phenomenon where recall accuracy varies as a function of an item’s position within a list

33
Q
A
33
Q

Central Executive (CE)

A

Allocates resources between the VS & PL

34
Q

Phonological Loop (PL)

A

Holds auditory info
* “Inner ear”: holds sound in passive manner
* “Inner Voice”: Converts written material into an articulatory code & transfers it to the phonological store

35
Q

Episodic Buffer

A

Integrates info from the VS & PLlinks to LTM

36
Q

Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad (VS)

A

Holds visual & spatial info

37
Q

Dual-Task Paradigm

A

A research technique requiring an individual to perform 2 tasks simultaneously in order to compare performance w/ single-task conditions