CA 1 Chemistry CPA Flashcards
Mr. Trollinger's CPA Chemistry review set for CA 1
What unit in the metric system is used to measure MASS?:
- Grams (g)
What unit in the metric system is used to measure VOLUME?:
- Liter (L)
What unit in the metric system is used to measure LENGTH?:
- Meter (m)
How would you find the volume of a marble in the laboratory using a GRADUATED CYLINDER?:
- Put some water into a graduated cylinder and note down what the volume of water is
- Place the marble into the graduated cylinder and record the graduated cylinder increase in the volume of the water
- Subtract the two numbers to find the volume of the marble
WATER DISPLACEMENT
What are the benefits of the metric system?:
- The metric system helps us find the differences between each measurement that share a common base more easily
What is the best lab equipment used to measure MASS?:
- KG Scale
What is the best lab equipment used to measure VOLUME?:
- Graduated Cylinder
What is the best lab equipment used to measure LENGTH?:
- Ruler
Define Matter:
- Matter takes up space and has volume
- Oxygen
- Carbon
Examples of Elements
- Distilled Water
- Sugar
- Sodium Sulfate
Examples of Compounds
- Granite
- Beach Sand
- Cookies & Cream Ice Cream
Can see its inner components
Examples of Heterogeneous Mixtures
- Tap Water
- Air
- Salt Water
- Dunkin’ Doughnuts Coffee
Can’t see its inner components
Examples of Homogeneous Mixtures
- Electricity
Example of Energy
What is a CHEMICAL CHANGE?:
- Identity/chemical composition of a substance changes
-
NEW SUBSTANCE FORMED
EX: Burning, Rusting, Cooking, Explosion
What is a PHYSICAL CHANGE?:
- Identity/chemical composition of a substance does NOT change
EX: Cutting, Melting, Crushing, Mixing
Definition of DECOMPOSED:
-
Rearrangement of chemical bonds in the substances
~ IT APPLIES TO COMPOUNDS
~ CHEMICAL CHANGE
Definition of SEPARATED:
- Physical change based on the physical properties of the substance
~ IT APPLIES TO MIXTURES
~ PHYSICAL CHANGE
- Ice melting
- Sugar dissolving in water
- Alchohol evaporates
- Steam condensing
- Limestone being crushed
Examples of Physical Change
- Iron rusting
- Coal burning
- Silver tarnishing
Examples of Chemical Change
SOLID
- Very little kinetic energy
LIQUID
- Increasing amount of kinetic energy
GAS
- Highest amount of kinetic energy
Movement of Kinetic Energy
SOLID
- Highly organized
LIQUID
- Less organized than solid state, but more organized than gas
GAS
- No organizational structure
Structured Organization
What happens to the properties of substances when they are combined into new compounds?:
- The properties of substances change when they are combined to form a compound
EX: Oxygen and Hydrogen gas forming water
What happens to the properties of substances when they are mixed together?:
- The properties DO NOT change when they are mixed together
Define Energy:
- The ability to do work
What are you actually measuring when you use a thermometer to measure temperature?:
- You are measuring the AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY OF A SUBSTANCE
What is Exothermic Change?:
- Energy being released to the EXTERNAL environment/surroundings (Flowing OUT of the system)
EX: Candle Flame/Fire (RELEASING energy)
What is Endothermic Change?:
- Energy being ABSORBED from the environment/surroundings (Flowing INTO the system)
EX: Cooking an egg (ABSORBING energy)
Define the Law of Conservation of Energy
- Energy cannot be created of destroyed
If you placed a piece of ice in a mug of steaming hot water, describe the energy changes that will occur:
- Heat energy from the hot water is transferred to the ice, the energy transfer will stop once EQUILIBRIUM is reached.
What is the underlying heat flow concepts of Calorimetry?:
- The energy RELEASED by the system is ABSORBED by the surroundings
Define Heat:
- The total amount of kinetic energy in a substance that is transferred from a hot to cold object
~ Heat is depending on the temperature and the mass of a substance
Define Temperature:
- Temperature is the average kinetic energy in a substance
What is specific heat capacity?:
- Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree Celsius
The LOWER heat capacity, the GREATER temperature
The GREATEST heat capacity, the LOWER temperature
What will heat up more with the same amount of energy: sand or water? Which has the higher specific heat capacity?:
- Water has HIGHER heat capacity, it will heat up SLOWER
- Sand has LOWER heat capacity, it will heat up QUICKER
What is thermal equilibrium?:
- Thermal equilibrium is reached when the heat transfer from the hotter to the colder substance stops and when both substances are at the SAME temperature
Giga’s prefix
- G
LARGEST METRIC AMOUNT
Mega’s prefix:
- M
Kilo’s prefix:
- K or k
Hecto’s prefix
- h
Deca’s prefix
- da
Unit’s prefix:
- Grams (g)
- Liters (L)
- Meter (m)
Deci’s prefix:
- d
Centi’s prefix:
- c
Milli’s prefix:
m
Mirco’s prefix:
- μ
Nano’s prefix:
- n
SMALLEST METRIC AMOUNT
What is the nickname for all of these prefixes?:
- Greedy Millionaire King Henry Died Unusually Drinking Chocolate Milk Many Nights
- Simplest type of PURE SUBSTANCE
- Composed of ONE atom
Element
ELEMENT
- PURE SUBSTANCE consisting of two or more atoms, CHEMICALLY combined
Compound
COM-POUND
- 2 or more different substance PHYSICALLY mixed
- Proportions in a mixture ARE NOT consistent
Mixture
MI-XI-TURE
