CA 1 Flashcards
What is Pharmacokinetics?
What the body does to the drug.
What does ADME stand for, and what is its significance?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination. These processes ensure drugs reach target tissues to provide therapeutic but non-toxic levels.
What is Absorption in ADME?
How the drug enters the bloodstream, with barriers like pH, size, and charge affecting this process.
What is Distribution in ADME?
How the drug travels through the body to reach target tissues.
What is Metabolism in ADME?
How the drug is chemically modified by the body.
What is Elimination in ADME?
How the drug is removed from the body
What processes are required for drug access to the site of action?
Absorption and Distribution.
Do IV or topical drugs require an absorption stage?
No, they do not
How do drugs cross membranes?
By diffusion, which is important for both absorption and distribution. Lipid solubility is a key factor.
What are the four main ways for a drug to cross a membrane?
Diffuse directly through lipid.
Combine with a carrier protein.
Diffuse through aqueous pores.
Pinocytosis.
What factors affect the rate of drug absorption in the stomach?
Body position, stomach contents, and activity
What is the role of the Cytochrome P450 family in drug metabolism?
It contributes to first-pass metabolism, with CYP3A4 being a key enzyme.
Where does most drug absorption occur in the body?
The small intestine, though some absorption can happen in the large intestine, especially for unconscious patients.
What is Bioavailability?
The fraction of a drug dose that reaches systemic circulation as intact drug.
What is Fraction Unbound (fu) in pharmacology?
The proportion of drug that is not bound to plasma proteins and is available for activity
What are the major drug-binding proteins?
Albumin, Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, Lipoproteins, and Globulin
What is Renal Clearance?
The process by which the kidneys filter, secrete, and reabsorb drugs, determining how much is excreted.
What is Pharmacogenetics?
The study of genetic variations that influence individual responses to drugs.
What is Pharmacodynamics?
How drugs affect the body, including their mechanism of action and therapeutic effects.
What is Efficacy in pharmacology?
The maximum effect a drug can produce to achieve its therapeutic goal.
What is an Agonist?
A substance that triggers a physiological response when binding to a receptor.
What is an Antagonist?
A substance that blocks or inhibits the action of an agonist or other physiological responses.
What are drug targets?
Molecules in the body, usually proteins, that drugs interact with to treat diseases.
What are the types of drug target proteins?
Enzymes, carrier molecules, ion channels, and receptors
What is a drug delivery system?
Technologies that carry drugs into the body, protecting them from degradation and ensuring proper delivery to target tissues.
What are some advanced drug delivery systems?
Controlled release systems, targeted drug delivery, nanotechnology-based delivery, and biodegradable polymers.
What are some challenges in drug delivery?
Drug stability, bioavailability, and patient compliance.
