C90.01A: Fundamental Cloud Computing

Question 1

Which cloud delivery model provides a pre-defined IT environment with already deployed and configured IT resources suitable for the development and deployment of applications?

Answer 1

Platform-as-a-Service (Paas)

Question 2

Explain how organisations can use cloud computing to increase the availability and reliability of their solutions.

Answer 2

Cloud providers generally offer resilient IT resources for which they are able to guarantee high levels of availability. Cloud environments can provide extensive failover support to increase reliability.

Question 3

Explain the ubiquitous access characteristic of a cloud.

Answer 3

The IT resources offered by the cloud are widely accessible.

Question 4

Which cloud deployment model provides a cloud environment comprised of two or more different cloud deployment models.

Answer 4

Hybrid cloud

Question 5

Which cloud delivery model is primarily defined by the incorporation of the ready-made environment mechanism?

Answer 5

Platform-as-a-Service (Paas)

Question 6

Which cloud deployment model represents a cloud owned by a single organisation?

Answer 6

Private cloud

Question 7

Explain the multi-tenancy characteristic of a cloud.

Answer 7

The cloud enables an instance of an IT resource (that exists as a software program) to serve different cloud service consumers, each o which is isolated from the other.

Question 8

List three of the four common cloud computing challenges

Answer 8

Any three from:

• Increased Security Vulnerabilities
• Reduced Operational Governance Control
• Limited Portability Between Cloud Providers
• Multi-Regional Compliance and Legal Issues

Question 9

Which cloud delivery model generally represents a product that exists as a shared cloud service offered by a cloud provider to cloud consumers?

Answer 9

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Question 10

The cloud computing challenge of Increased Security Vulnerabilities is based on two main security-related problems. What are they?

Answer 10

• Compatibility of Cloud consumer and Cloud provider security technologies
• Overlapping Trust Boundaries from different cloud consumers within the same cloud

Question 11

Which cloud delivery model generally provides consumers with the greatest amount of administrative control?

Answer 11

Infrastructure-as-a-Servicces (IaaS)

Question 12

Explain the elasticity characteristic of a cloud.

Answer 12

The ability of a cloud to enable cloud consumers to scale cloud-based IT resources out or in, as required.

Question 13

Explain how cloud computing enables organizations to become more scalable and responsive.

Answer 13

IT resources can be flexibly acquired from a cloud provider. Almost instantaneously and at a wide variety of usage levels. By scaling with cloud IT resources, cloud consumers can leverage this flexibility to increase their responsiveness to foreseen changes and unforeseen changes. This holds true for when an clud consumer needs to scaleIT resources based on current requirements.

Question 14

Explain the on-demand usage characteristic of a cloud.

Answer 14

Usage of self-provisioned cloud-based IT resources is automated, requiring no further human involvement by the cloud consumer or cloud provider.

Question 15

Which deployment model limits access to a specific group of cloud consumers?

Answer 15

Community cloud.

Question 16

Which cloud deployment model provides a publicly accessible cloud environment owned by a third-party cloud provider?

Answer 16

Public cloud.

Question 17

List the six characteristics of a cloud

Answer 17

• Resiliency
• On-demand usage
• Ubiquitous access
• Multi-tenancy
• Elasticity
• Measured usage

(ROUMEM)

Question 18

Which cloud delivery model provides a self-contained IT environment comprised of infrastructure-centric IT resources?

Answer 18

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (Iaas)

Question 19

List the three cloud delivery model.

Answer 19

• Infrastructure-as-a-Service (Iaas)
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Question 20

Explain how cloud computing allows organisations to fund the scaling of IT resources with proportional costs.

Answer 20

Organisations can lease IT resources from cloud providers using a pay-for-use model that only charges them for the amount that the IT resources are actually used. Therefor, the costs are proportional to the usage.

Question 21

Explain why there may be cloud computing challenges pertaining to multi-regional issues.

Answer 21

Because cloud can hide underlying implementation details from cloud consumers, cloud consumers may not be aware of where their data and IT resources actually be geographically located. Depending on the nature of the cloud consumer business, there may be industry or government regulations and policies that impose specific legal requirements that pertain to the geographical location od data or IT resources.

Question 22

Explain why cloud computing reduce up-front IT investment requirements for organisations.

Answer 22

Instead of having to purchase required IT resources, organisations can lease them from a cloud provider. This reduces the up-front investment required.

Question 23

Which cloud delivery model provides cloud consumers with the least amount of administrative control?

Answer 23

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Question 24

List the four cloud deployment models

Answer 24

• Private cloud
• Public cloud
• Community cloud
• Hybrid cloud

Question 25

Explain the resiliency characteristic of a cloud

Answer 25

A form of failover that distributes redundant implementations of IT resources across physical locations.

Question 26

Explain why it can be challenging for a cloud consumer to move from one cloud provider to another

Answer 26

Due to a general lack of industry standardisation, different cloud providers can impose proprietary requirements. Cloud consumers that form dependencies on proprietary characteristics of a cloud owned by one cloud provider may find it difficult to move to an other cloud from a different cloud provider

Question 27

List the three primary benefits of cloud computing.

Answer 27

- Increased Scalability - Reduced Investment and Proportional Costs - Increased Availability and Reliability (IRI)

Question 28

Explain the measured usage characteristic of a cloud

Answer 28

The ability of a cloud platform to keep track of the usage of its IT resources by cloud consumers.

Question 29

When compared to an on-premise environment, an organisation wil have ____________ governance and administrative control over IT resources leased from a cloud provider.

Answer 29

Reduced

Question 30

An organisation that is a cloud consumer has cloud service consumer that accesses a cloud service provided by a cloud owned by an organisation that is a cloud provider. What is the minimum number of trust boundaries that need to exist?

Answer 30

One. A single trust boundary can span the two organisation boundaries of the cloud consumer and the cloud provider.

Question 31

The Limited Portability Between Cloud Providers challenge of cloud computing can occur when anabsence of industry standards (or an absence of compliance to industry standards) requires that cloud consumers build cloud-based solutions to conform to proprietary requirements imposed by cloud providers. This makes it more difficult to move to new cloud providers in the future. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 31

A. True

Question 32

Measured usage is only limited to tracking statistics for billing purposes. It does not encompass the general monitoring of IT resources and related usage reporting. Therefore, measured usage isonly relevant to clouds that charge for usage. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 32

B. False 

Question 33

Service agents are provided only by runtime environments and operating systems. As a result, service agents cannot be custom developed. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 33

B. False 

Question 34

A(n) ____________________ cloud is a cloud environment owned by a third-party cloud provider and accessible to external cloud consumers. The IT resources in the cloud are generally offered to cloud consumers at a cost. Select the correct answer. A. Public B. On-premise C. Private D. None of the above.

Answer 34

A. Public

Question 35

Which of the following are common types of cloud service consumers? Select ALL THAT APPLY A. Software programs capable of remotely accessing cloud services with published servicecontracts. B. Services capable of remotely accessing cloud services with published service contracts. C. Humans that use workstations running software capable of remotely accessing IT resources positioned as cloud services. D. Mobile devices running software capable of remotely accessing IT resources positioned ascloud services. 

Answer 35

A, B, C

Question 36

Which of the following types of cost metrics make it more difficult to justify the leasing of cloud based IT resources as an alternative to purchasing on-premise IT resources? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. Cost of capital B. Sunk costs C. Integration costs D. Locked-in costs 

Answer 36

B, C, D

Question 37

Which of the following combinations of cloud delivery models are possible? Select the correct answer. A. IaaS + PaaS B. IaaS + SaaS C. IaaS + PaaS + SaaS D. All of the above. 

Answer 37

D. All of the above. 

Question 38

Which of the following scenarios describes the Reduced Investment and Proportional Costs benefit of cloud computing? Select the correct answer. A. A cloud consumer pays a usage fee for only the amount of the IT resources actually used. This gives the cloud consumer organisation access to IT resources without having to purchase its own. B. A cloud consumer pays the expenses associated with the cost of capital in order to fund the upfront costs for the cloud provider IT resources used. This gives the cloud consumer organisation the option to budget required up-front costs before committing to IT resource usage. C. A cloud consumer avoids payment of up-front costs and usage fees for cloud provider IT resources it uses by following the cost of capital model. This allows the cloud consumer organisation to obtain access to IT resources with "no money down". This gives the cloud consumer organisation the ability to begin working with cloud-based IT resources with no immediate funds, but then subjects the organisation to increased costs later when high-interest rates begin to apply after a pre-defined period. D. None of the above. 

Answer 38

A.

Question 39

Cloud consumers that use cloud-based IT resources can generally lease them with a___________________ model so that cloud consumers pay a usage fee for only the amount ofthe IT resources actually used, resulting in directly proportional costs. Select the correct answer. A. Up-front fee B. Pay-for-use C. Amortisation D. None of the above. 

Answer 39

B. Pay-for-use

Question 40

Which of the following cloud delivery models provides the least amount of administrative control for cloud consumers? Select the correct answer. A. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) B. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) C. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) D. The listed cloud delivery models provide the same level of administrative control for cloud consumers. 

Answer 40

A. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Question 41

Which of the following characteristics of a software program enables an instance of the program to serve different consumers, with each of these consumers isolated from one another? Select the correct answer. A. Multi-user B. Multi-tenancy C. Multi-device broker D. Elasticity 

Answer 41

B. Multi-tenancy

Question 42

Which of the following types of organisations can assume the role of cloud resource administrator for a cloud service? Select ALL THAT APPLY A. A cloud consumer organisation that owns the cloud service. B. A cloud provider organisation that owns the cloud service. C. A third-party organisation contracted by the cloud consumer to administer the cloud service. D. A third-party organisation contracted by the cloud provider to administer the cloud service. 

Answer 42

A, B, C, D

Question 43

Which of the following statements accurately describes the level of administrative control a cloud provider has over an environment (residing in the cloud provider's cloud platform) based on the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) delivery model? Select the correct answer. A. Full administrative control over physical hardware, physical network, storage devices, and virtualization platforms. B. Full administrative control over physical hardware and physical network, and limited administrative control over storage devices, virtualization platforms, virtual servers and databases. C. Full administrative control over physical hardware, physical network, storage devices, virtualization platforms and virtual servers, and limited administrative control over databases and service implementations. D. The cloud provider has no administrative control in this scenario.

Answer 43

A. Full administrative control over physical hardware, physical network, storage devices, and virtualization platforms.

Question 44

Private clouds can effectively extend on-premise infrastructure to IT resources that are physically isolated in the private cloud environment and remotely accessed via a virtual private network. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 44

A. True

Question 45

Which of the following are common benefits of cloud computing? Select the correct answer. A. Reduced Investment and Proportional Costs B. Increased Scalability C. Increased Availability and Reliability D. All of the above. 

Answer 45

D. All of the above. 

Question 46

A ___________________ is a distinct and remote IT environment designed for the purpose of remotely provisioning scalable and measured IT resources. Select the correct answer. A. Public cloud B. Private cloud C. Community cloud D. All of the above. 

Answer 46

D. All of the above. 

Question 47

A service must be Web-based for it to be considered a cloud service. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 47

B. False 

Question 48

A(n) ____________________ cloud is owned by a single organization. It enables an organisation to use cloud computing technology as a means of centralizing access to IT resources by different parts of the organisation. Select the correct answer. A. Public B. On-premise C. Private D. None of the above. 

Answer 48

C. Private

Question 49

Which of the following represents the cost incurred to raise required funds for new IT resource acquisitions? Select the correct answer. A. On-going costs B. Cost of capital C. Sunk costs D. Locked-in costs

Answer 49

B. Cost of capital

Question 50

Over the past two years a cloud service consumers have made 123,456 attempts to invoke a cloud service. Of those attempts, 122,987 resulted in the successful execution of the cloud service. Based on these statistics, the reliability rating of the cloud service is__________________ (rounded to one decimal). Select the correct answer. A. 94.6% B. 97.0% C. 98.0% D. 99.6% 

Answer 50

D. 99.6%  122,987 / 123,456 = 0,9962 * 100 = 99,6 %

Question 51

____________________ represents the ability for a cloud-based IT resource to be widely accessible. Select the correct answer. A. Resilient computing B. Elasticity C. Ubiquitous access D. Multitenancy 

Answer 51

C. Ubiquitous access

Question 52

Which of the following can be a cloud service owner of a cloud service being offered as an SaaS product? Select the correct answer. A. A cloud consumer organization B. A cloud provider organization C. A cloud consumer also acting as the cloud resource administrator of the SaaS product D. All of the above. 

Answer 52

D. All of the above. 

Question 53

Which of the following types of costs helps justify the leasing of cloud-based IT resources as an alternative to purchasing on-premise IT resources? Select ALL THAT APPLY A. Cost of capital B. Sunk costs C. Integration costs D. Up-front costs 

Answer 53

B, D

Question 54

Cloud-based multi-tenancy models frequently rely on the use of ___________________technologies. ``` Select the correct answer. A. Virtualization B. Failover C. Security D. Transport  ```

Answer 54

A. Virtualization

Question 55

A service level agreement (SLA) can be considered a human-readable part of a service contract that extends the technical service contract. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 55

A. True

Question 56

Which of the following can exist as cloud-based IT resources? Select ALL THAT APPLY A. Physical server B. Virtual server C. Software program D. Network device 

Answer 56

A, B, C, D

Question 57

When comparing cloud-based IT resources to on-premise IT resources with sunk costs, the upfront costs for on-premise IT resources are generally lower. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 57

A. True

Question 58

Which cloud delivery model provides a pre-defined cloud environment with already deployed andconfigured IT resources suitable for the development and deployment of applications? Select the correct answer. A. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) B. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) C. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) D. None of the above. 

Answer 58

B. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)

Question 59

When an IT resource is replaced by another IT resource with a higher capacity, what kind of scaling is being performed? Select the correct answer. A. Scaling in B. Scaling out C. Scaling up D. Scaling down

Answer 59

C. Scaling up

Question 60

Depending on the cloud deployment model and cloud delivery model being considered by an organisation, there may be the need to further allocate funds to carry out integration testing, aswell as the need for additional labor to enable interoperability between cloud service consumers and cloud services. These expenses are referred to as ___________________. Select the correct answer. A. Leasing costs B. Sunk costs C. Integration costs D. There is no such cost. 

Answer 60

C. Integration costs

Question 61

Once configured, usage of self-provisioned IT resources can be automated, requiring no further human involvement by the cloud consumer or cloud provider. This results in__________________. Select the correct answer. A. Multi-tenancy B. Resiliency C. Ubiquitous access D. On-demand usage

Answer 61

D. On-demand usage

Question 62

A cloud consumer may choose to have a solution span two clouds, as follows: It deploys cloud services that process sensitive data to a private cloud and it deploys cloud services that process non-sensitive data to a public cloud. The result is a __________________ cloud deployment model. Select the correct answer. A. Community B. Hybrid C. Private D. Public 

Answer 62

B. Hybrid

Question 63

Within cloud computing, resiliency refers to redundant IT resources within the same cloud (but in different physical locations) or across multiple clouds. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 63

A. True

Question 64

Which of the following are cloud deployment models? Select ALL THAT APPLY A. Identity cloud B. Balanced cloud C. On-premise cloud D. Hybrid cloud 

Answer 64

D. Hybrid cloud

Question 65

The Multi-Regional Compliance and Legal Issues challenge of cloud computing can occur when an organisation's data is hosted in a geographically different location than the organisation itself. In this case, there may be important government regulations that do not apply in one of the regions, or they apply differently in the different regions. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 65

A. True

Question 66

Over the past 3 years, a cloud service has been unavailable for a total of 48 hours. Additionally, the physical server hosting the cloud service needed to be replaced, during which it was unavailable for 4 days. Based on these statistics over the past 3 years, the availability rating of the cloud service is ___________________ (rounded to one decimal). Select the correct answer. A. 87.2% B. 99.5% C. 99.7% D. 99.9% 

Answer 66

B. 99.5%

Question 67

The ____________________ boundary represents the physical perimeter that surrounds a set of IT resources owned by a specific organization. The ___________________ boundary establishes a logical perimeter wherein IT resources are trusted from a security perspective. To use cloud based IT resources, the cloud consumer will generally need to trust them with the result that the cloud consumer's ___________________ boundary is expanded beyond its___________________ boundary to encompass the cloud-based IT resources. Select the correct answer. A. physical, trust, logical, trust B. trust, physical, trust, physical C. organizational, trust, trust, organizational D. trust, organizational, organizational, trust 

Answer 67

C. organizational, trust, trust, organizational

Question 68

Which of the following roles are assumed by software programs? Select the correct answer. A. Cloud consumer B. Cloud provider C. Cloud service owner D. None of the above. 

Answer 68

D. None of the above.

Question 69

Which of the following are technology innovations that contributed to the emergence of cloudcomputing? Select the correct answer. A. Clustering technology B. Grid computing technology C. Virtualization technology D. All of the above. 

Answer 69

D. All of the above. 

Question 70

Which of the following statements are true about cloud-based IT resources? Select ALL THAT APPLY A. A cloud-based IT resource can exist as a physical or virtual IT-related artifact. B. A cloud-based IT resource resides inside a cloud environment. C. For an IT resource to be considered a cloud-based IT resource, it needs to be made directly available to cloud service consumers. D. For a cloud-based IT resource to be made available to cloud service consumers, it needs to be accessible as a cloud service agent. 

Answer 70

A, B

Question 71

When resources of the same type are released in response to decreased usage requirements, what kind of scaling is being performed? Select the correct answer. A. Scaling in B. Scaling out C. Scaling up D. Scaling down 

Answer 71

A. Scaling in

Question 72

Service agents have a technical interface (or service contract) and are therefore required to be explicitly invoked. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 72

B. False 

Question 73

The cloud consumers that are members of a community cloud typically share the responsibility for defining and evolving the community cloud. Therefore, membership in the community guarantees access to and administrative control of all cloud-hosted IT resources. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 73

B. False 

Question 74

The Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) delivery model relies on (and is primarily defined by) the usage of a ____________________. Select the correct answer. A. Ready-made environment B. Virtualization environment C. Simulation environment D. All of the above. 

Answer 74

A. Ready-made environment.

Question 75

An IT resource with increased ___________________ is able to better avoid and recover from exception conditions. Cloud environments can be based on an architecture that provides extensive failover support to further increase _________________. Select the correct answer. A. Virtualization, measured usage B. Storage, reliability C. Reliability, storage capacity D. Reliability, reliability 

Answer 75

D. Reliability, reliability

Question 76

A cloud provider is deploying a new SaaS product comprised of a cloud service. As part of the deployment, the cloud provider wants to publish a service level agreement (SLA) that provides an availability rating based on its estimated availability over the next 12 months. First, the cloud provider estimates that, based on historical data of the cloud environment, there is a 30% chance that the physical server hosting the cloud service will crash and that such a crash would result in 2days of downtime before the cloud service could be restored. It is further estimated that there is a 100% chance that, over the course of the 12 month period, there will be various attacks on the cloud service, resulting in a total of 60 hours of additional downtime. Based on these estimates, the availability that needs to be published in the SLA is ___________________ (rounded to onedecimal). Select the correct answer. A. 99.2% B. 99.4% C. 99.6% D. 99.9% 

Answer 76

A. 99.2% 24 * 2 = 48 * 30% = 14,4 + 60 = 74,4 74,4 / (365 * 24) = 0,0084 * 100 = 0,84 100 - 0,84 = 99,2 %

Question 77

The cloud consumer of a cloud service based on the Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) delivery model is usually given access to the cloud service contract and the service-level agreement (SLA) of the cloud service. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 77

A. True

Question 78

A ___________________ is an event-driven program capable of transparently intercepting andprocessing messages sent to or from services. Select the correct answer. A. Virtual server B. Cloud service C. Service agent D. None of the above. 

Answer 78

C. Service agent

Question 79

The challenge of Limited Portability Between Cloud Providers can be mitigated if cloud consumers can build solutions based on industry standards and if cloud providers support these industry standards. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 79

A. True

Question 80

A typical service level agreement (SLA) document for a cloud service will cover which of the following characteristics? Select the correct answer. A. Availability B. Reliability C. Performance D. All of the above. 

Answer 80

D. All of the above. 

Question 81

A cloud service can exist as a: Select the correct answer. A. Web service accessed via HTTP B. REST service accessed via HTTP C. Software program remotely communicating with a software program on a server using a proprietary protocol D. All of the above. 

Answer 81

D. All of the above. 

Question 82

Which of the following are business drivers that contributed to the emergence of cloud computing? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. Capacity planning B. Configuration management C. Operating overhead D. Organization agility 

Answer 82

A, C, D

Question 83

A cloud consumer leasing a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) environment from a public cloud provider is automatically given access to a ready-made environment, as well as administrative control over the physical server hosting the ready-made environment. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 83

B. False 

Question 84

A private cloud is owned by __________________. Select the correct answer. A. A cloud provider that owns two or more clouds B. Two or more third-party cloud provider organizations C. Community members that contract a cloud resource administrator D. None of the above. 

Answer 84

D. None of the above. 

Question 85

Which of the following cloud delivery models provides the highest level of administrative control for cloud consumers? Select the correct answer. A. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) B. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) C. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) D. The listed cloud delivery models provide the same level of administrative control for cloud consumers. 

Answer 85

C. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

Question 86

A(n) ___________________ cloud is a cloud environment owned by a third-party cloud provider that provisions a public cloud with limited access to only a specific set of cloud consumers. Select the correct answer. A. Public B. On-premise C. Private D. None of the above.

Answer 86

A. Public

Question 87

Which of the following are IT resources that can be provided by an environment based on the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) delivery model? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. Storage device B. Operating system C. Physical server D. Network device 

Answer 87

A, B, C, D

Question 88

An IT resource with increased __________________ is available for longer periods of time. Cloudproviders generally offer resilient IT resources for which they are able to guarantee high levels of_________________. Select the correct answer. A. Availability, availability B. Elasticity, measured usage C. On-demand usage, availability D. Failover, downtime 

Answer 88

A. Availability, availability

Question 89

The Increased Security Vulnerabilities challenge of cloud computing occurs when a cloud consumer organization needs to enable external communication with cloud-based IT resources. This increases vulnerabilities within the cloud consumer's organizational boundary because attackers can penetrate the on-premise environment to compromise on-premise IT resources within the cloud consumer trust boundary. This challenge does pertain to security vulnerabilities within the cloud it self. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 89

B. False 

Question 90

Examples of common up-front costs incurred by a cloud consumer to set up a cloud-based environment for the cloud consumer include ___________________. Select the correct answer. A. costs required to purchase hardware B. costs required to purchase insurance for the hardware C. labor costs required to assess and set up the cloud environment D. None of the above. 

Answer 90

C. labor costs required to assess and set up the cloud environment

Question 91

A cloud can provide remote access directly to physical IT resources. For example, a cloud consumer can gain direct access to a physical server hosted in a cloud. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 91

A. True

Question 92

Which of the following functions can be performed by service agents? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. Routing B. Logging C. Encryption D. Authentication

Answer 92

A, B, C, D

Question 93

The temporary runtime role assumed by a software program when it accesses a service is known as the ___________________ . Select the correct answer. A. Service provider B. Service consumer C. Service agent D. None of the above. 

Answer 93

B. Service consumer

Question 94

The expense required by an organization to run and maintain its IT resources is the___________________. Select the correct answer. A. Integration cost B. Up-front cost C. On-going cost D. Sunk cost 

Answer 94

C. On-going cost

Question 95

Each cloud has a specific level of reliability and availability that it guarantees for a given cloud service. By spanning a failover system across separate clouds, the overall levels of reliability and availability will be higher than the maximum levels of reliability and availability of either cloud. Select the correct answer. A. True B. False 

Answer 95

A. True

Question 96

When a private cloud exists as an environment fully controlled by a single organization, which of the following challenges still tends to apply? Select the correct answer. A. Multi-Regional Compliance and Legal Issues B. Reduced Operational Governance Control C. Limited Portability Between Cloud Providers D. None of the above. 

Answer 96

D. None of the above. 

Question 97

The characteristic of a cloud to enable cloud consumers to scale cloud-based IT resources in or out, as required, is known as ___________________. Select the correct answer. A. Resiliency B. Elasticity C. Measured usage D. Multi-tenancy 

Answer 97

B. Elasticity

Question 98

The costs associated with the move from one cloud provider to another are known as___________________. Select the correct answer. A. cost of capital B. sunk costs C. Integration costs D. Locked-in costs 

Answer 98

D. Locked-in costs 

Question 99

_______________ refers to the allocation or releasing of resources of the same type.

Answer 99

Horizontal Scaling

Question 100

A _______ is a distinct and remote IT environment designed for the purpose of remotely provisioning scalable and measured IT resources

Answer 100

Cloud

Question 101

A database, a physical server, and a service are examples of ___________

Answer 101

IT resources

Question 102

A ___________ is a physical or virtual IT-related artifact (software or hardware) that resides within a cloud environment.

Answer 102

Cloud-based IT resource

Question 103

________________ occurs when an existing resource is replaced by another.

Answer 103

Vertical scaling

Question 104

______________ allows physical IT resources to provide multiple virtual images of themselves.

Answer 104

Virtualization

Question 105

A ________________ can be considered a software program made remotely accessible via a cloud.

Answer 105

Cloud service

Question 106

An event-driven software program without a technical interface can be referred to as a ________________

Answer 106

Service agent.

Question 107

An IT resource not residing in a cloud, but instead residing in an internal IT enterprise environment is considered to be ______________

Answer 107

On-premise

Question 108

A ______________ establishes a logical perimeter wherein IT resources are trusted from a security perspective

Answer 108

Trust boundary

Question 109

A software program that invokes and interacts with a service it is labeled as a ___________________

Answer 109

Service consumer.

Question 110

A _______________ is an organization or a human that uses a cloud service consumer to access a cloud service.

Answer 110

Cloud consumer

Question 111

A ______________ is the organization that owns a cloud.

Answer 111

Cloud provider

Question 112

A ___________________ is the person or organization that legally owns a cloud service.

Answer 112

Cloud service owner

Question 113

The ________________________ represents the physical perimeter that surrounds a set of IT resources owned by a specific organization.

Answer 113

Organizational boundary

Question 114

A ____________________ is a temporary runtime role assumed by a software program when it accesses a cloud service.

Answer 114

Cloud service consumer

Question 115

A ______________________________ is the person or organization responsible for administering a cloud-based IT resource (including cloud services).

Answer 115

Cloud resource administrator

Question 116

A ____________ is owned by a single organization and therefore will typically have only one _____________

Answer 116

Private cloud Cloud Consumer

Question 117

A _____________ is a publically accessible cloud environment owned by a third-party ___________

Answer 117

Public cloud Cloud provider

Question 118

A ___________ is a cloud environment of two or more different ____________________

Answer 118

Hybrid cloud Cloud deployment models.

Question 119

A ________________ limits its access to a specific community of cloud consumers.

Answer 119

Community cloud

Question 120

Increased Security Vulnerabilities | benefit or challenge

Answer 120

Challenge

Question 121

Multi-Regional Compliance and Legal Issues | benefit or challenge

Answer 121

Challenge

Question 122

Reduced Investment and Proportional Costs | benefit or challenge

Answer 122

Benefit

Question 123

Reduced Operational Governance Control | benefit or challenge

Answer 123

Challenge

Question 124

Increased Scalability | benefit or challenge

Answer 124

Benefit

Question 125

Limited Portability Between Cloud Providers | benefit or challenge

Answer 125

Challenge

Question 126

Increased Availability and Reliability | benefit or challenge

Answer 126

Benefit