C9 - Crude Oil and Fuels

Question 1

What two elements do Hydrocarbons contain?

Answer 1

• Hydrogen

- Carbon

Question 2

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 2

C(n)H(2n+2)

Question 3

What are the prefixes for the first four alkanes?

Answer 3

(Number of carbon atoms)

• Meth- : one
• Eth- : two
• Prop- : three
• But- : four

Question 4

What two waste products form from the complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 4

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + Water

Question 5

How is crude oil formed?

Answer 5

=> Crude oil is a fossil fuel.
=> Remains of plants and animals, mainly plankton, that died millions of years ago and were buried in mud.
=> Over millions of years, with high temperature and pressure the remains turn to crude oil which is drilled up from the rocks.

Question 6

Where are the shortest carbon chains found in the fractional distillation column?

Answer 6

• Top = Short chains

- Bottom = Long chains

Question 7

Give three products that can be made from crude oil.

Answer 7

• LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas (mainly propane and butane))
• Petrol
  -Kerosene
• Diesel oil
• Heavy fuel oil
  (form short to long chains ^)

Question 8

Why is cracking used?

Answer 8

=> To turn long-chain hydrocarbons into short chains

=> Short-chain hydrocarbons are flammable and good for fuels

Question 9

Give a product of cracking that is used for making plastics.

Answer 9

Alkenes