C9 Crude Oil and Fuels

Question 1

1. How is crude oil formed?

Answer 1

1. Remains of living sea creatures that died and decayed in mud millions of years ago

Question 2

2. What is crude oil made of chemically?

Answer 2

2. A mixture of Hydrocarbons (made of only hydrogen and carbon)

Question 3

3. What are the first four alkanes in the homologous series called?

Answer 3

methane, ethane, propane, butane

Question 4

4. Draw the structure of ethane.

Answer 4

2 carbons joined by a single bond, each with 3 Hydrogens bonding to it by single bonds.

Question 5

5. How can you separate the different fractions of crude oil?

Answer 5

5. Fractional distillation

Question 6

6. Describe the process of fractional distillation.
   First the crude oil is….
   The liquids boil to give…
   The different fractions…

Answer 6

First the crude oil is…. Heated
The liquids boil to give…gases which rise up
The different fractions…condense at different temperatures

Question 7

7. As the size of the hydrocarbon increases what happens to
   a) The boiling point
   b) How easily it flows
   c) How easy they are to set alight (ignite)

Answer 7

7. As the size of the hydrocarbon increases what happens to
   a) Increases
   b) Flows less easily (is more viscous)
   c) Less easy to set alight

Question 8

8. What do hydrocarbons react with when they burn?

Answer 8

8. oxygen

Question 9

9. What is produced when hydrocarbons burn?

Answer 9

9. carbon dioxide and water

Question 10

10. What is cracking?

Answer 10

10. Breaking down long hydrocarbon chains into shorter ones (both alkanes and alkenes) which are more useful

Question 11

11. What is the test for an alkene?

Answer 11

11. Turns bromine water colourless