C9: Crude Oil and Fuels

Question 1

Hydrocarbons

Answer 1

A compound containing only Hydrogen and Carbon.

Question 2

Alkanes

Answer 2

Saturated Hydrocarbons
-ane
H(n)C(2n+2)

Question 3

Stem names 1-5

Answer 3

Meth-
Eth-
Prop-
But-
Pent-

Question 4

Properties of short chain hydrocarbons

Answer 4

> Low boiling point
High volatility
Low viscosity (V runny)
Burn without a smoky flame.

Question 5

Properties of long chain hydrocarbons

Answer 5

> High boiling point
Low volatility
High viscosity (not runny)
Burn with a smoky flame

Question 6

Fractional Distillation

Answer 6

A way to separate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the substances at different temperatures, then condensing them and collecting the liquids.

Question 7

What is the temperature range of a fractionating column?

Answer 7

350-50 degrees.

Question 8

Is short or long chain hydrocarbons better as fuels?

Answer 8

Short.

Question 9

Oxidation reaction

Answer 9

When oxygen is added to a substance (or when electrons are lost).

Question 10

Reduction reaction

Answer 10

When a oxygen is removed from a substance (or when electrons are gained).

Question 11

Alkane + Oxygen ->

Answer 11

Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 12

Sulfur Dioxide

Answer 12

A toxic gas (formula SO2) that causes acid rain.

Question 13

How does carbon dioxide contribute to climate change?

Answer 13

It absorbs radiation which has been emitted from the surface of the earth as energy, causing it to remain in the atmosphere.

Question 14

Incomplete combustion

Answer 14

When a fuel burns in insufficient oxygen, producing carbon monoxide as a toxic product.

Question 15

How does CO kill humans?

Answer 15

It is picked up by red blood cells instead of Oxygen. It is colourless and odourless.

Question 16

Nitrogen Oxides

Answer 16

Gaseous pollutant given off by motor vehicles; a cause of acid rain.

Question 17

Particulates

Answer 17

Small solid particles of carbon and hydrocarbons given off from motor vehicles as a result of incomplete combustion of their fuel.

Question 18

Global Dimming

Answer 18

The reflection of sunlight back into space, caused by particulates. Possible cause of cancer.

Question 19

Advantages of biofuels

Answer 19

> Less harmful if spilled.
Burns more cleanly (Less particulates emitted).
Will become cheaper as resources dwindle.
Plants absorb CO2 as they grow, making biofuels ‘carbon dioxide neutral’. (CO2 still used in fertilisation, harvesting, extracting and processing, and transportation).

Question 20

Disadvantages of biofuels

Answer 20

> Use farmland, so less is available for crop production.

> Could result in famine, deforestation and species becoming extinct as their habitats are destroyed.

Question 21

Fermentation

Answer 21

The reaction in which enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 22

Fermentation Reaction

Answer 22

Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 23

Why is hydrogen a good potential source of power?

Answer 23

It reacts to produce water; it is clean and environmentally friendly.