C9- crude oil and fuels Flashcards
what is crude oil made from
remains of living sea creatures decayed in mud for millions of years
is crude oil finite
yes
what is crude oil made of
mixture of hydrocarbons
what are hydrocarbons made of
only hydrogen and carbon
what are the main hydrocarbons in crude oil
alkanes
alkane- m……… and it’s formula
methane
CH4
alkane- e……… and it’s formula
ethane
C2H6
alkane- p……… and it’s formula
propane
C3H8
alkane- B……… and it’s formula
butane
C4H10
what’s the general formula for an alkane
C n H 2n+2
how do you separate the mixture of hydrocarbons to use them
fractional distillation
evaporation and then condensation
what are the steps of fractional distillation
1 heat the crude oil to evaporate it
2 the gases rise up the column
3 the different fractions condense at different temperatures
what is combustion
a reaction with oxygen (burning)
a reaction with oxygen is called (not combustion)
oxidation
what is released when hydrocarbons burn a lot
energy
what are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons
carbon dioxide and water
complete combustion happens when
there is plenty of oxygen
what’s the general equation of combustion
hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
what is the word equation for the complete combustion of propane
propane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
what do you do with the larger molecules from fractional distillation (cracking)
break them down into smaller more useful molecules
what does cracking produce
mixture of alkanes and alkenes
do alkanes or alkenes have a double bond
alkenes
what do alkenes do to bromine water
turn colourless
what are alkenes used to make
polymers
catalytic cracking
catalyst and 500•c
steam cracking
steam and 850•c
