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Chemistry > C9 Crude Oil > Flashcards

C9 Crude Oil Flashcards

1
Q

Crude oil

A

A mixture of comparatively volatile liquid hydrocarbons

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2
Q

Why fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil into fractions

A

Each fraction has different properties due to the length of the carbon

We can use each fraction for different purposes

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3
Q

How to classify a hydrocarbon as an alkane

A

A hydrocarbon that contains no double bonds is called an alkane

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4
Q

How to apply a general formula to generate a molecular formula and a displayed formula for a straight-chain alkane

A

C n H2n+2

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5
Q

Alkane

A

Any of the series of saturated hydrocarbons

Methane, ethane, propane…

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6
Q

Alkali

A

Any base substance that dissolves in water to produce OH (hydroxide) ions and neutralise acids

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7
Q

First 10 alkanes

A

Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane

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8
Q

Formula for first 4 alkanes

A

Methane CH4

Ethane C2H6

Propane C3H8

Butane C4H10

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9
Q

How to classify an alkane

A

Organic compounds that consist entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms

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10
Q

Name the different fractions of crude oil

A

Refinary gases

Gasoline

Kerosene

Diesel

Fuel oil

Bitumen

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11
Q

How the trend in colour, viscosity, flammability, and boiling point changes as the length of the hydrocarbon chain changes

A

As hydrocarbon length increases

boiling point increases

Viscosity increases

Flammability decreases

Colour becomes darker

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12
Q

Process of fractional distallation

A

Crude oil is heated

Vapour enters fractionating column

The fractions have different boiling points so the vapour will condense at different levels

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13
Q

Use of kerosene

A

Cooking, lighting, heating

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14
Q

Use of refinary gases

A

Fuel gas in furnaces or for power generation

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15
Q

Use of gasoline

A

Mainly used in vehicle engines

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16
Q

Use of diesel

A

Trains, buses, boats

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17
Q

Use of fuel oil

A

Heating homes and buildings

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18
Q

Use of bitumen

A

Primarily used for industrial purposes

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19
Q

How the properties of a fraction of crude oil make it appropriate for its use

A

Each fraction has different properties due to the length of the carbon chain

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20
Q

How chain length affects the properties of crude oil fractions

A

As chain length increases viscosity increases

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21
Q

Complete combustion

A

Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces water vapour and carbon dioxide

22
Q

Incomplete combustion

A

Happens when supply of air or oxygen is poor

23
Q

Differences between complete and incomplete combustion

A

Complete combustion happens when there is a sufficient amount of oxygen supply

Incomplete combustion happens when there is an insufficient amount of oxygen supply

24
Q

Word equation to describe the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon

A

Ethane + oxygen ———> carbon dioxide + carbon + water

25
Q

Word equation to describe the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon

A

ethane + oxygen → carbon monoxide + carbon + water

26
Q

Why is complete reaction better than incomplete reaction

A

Less soot produced

More heat produced

Carbon monoxide not produced

27
Q

Symbol equation for incomplete combustion

A

CH4 + O2 ⟶ C + 2H2O

28
Q

Symbol equation for complete combustion

A

Fuel + O2 → CO2 + H2O

29
Q

How the production of carbon monoxide in incomplete combustion can be lethal

A

The CO gas can poison people when exposes to carbon monoxide

30
Q

How to test for the products of complete combustion

A

Can test carbon dioxide by passing it through limewater as it turns milky when carbon dioxide is passed through it

If supply of air is limited carbon monoxide is formed

31
Q

Cracking

A

The process of breaking down larger heavy hydrocarbon molecules into smaller lighter ones by heating them in the presence of a catalyst

32
Q

Examples to explain process of cracking and why it’s important to the petrochemical industry

A

Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel

33
Q

A word equation to describe cracking

A

C16H34 → C10H22 + C6H12

34
Q

Alkene

A

A type of organic molecule that contain a carbon-carbon (C=C) double bond

35
Q

Similarities between alkane and alkene

A

Both are hydrocarbons

Both only made up of hydrogen and carbon only

36
Q

Differences between alkane and alkene

A

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting of single bonds

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons which include a carbon-carbon double bond

37
Q

Examples of alkene

A

Ethene

Propene

Hexene

Cyclobutene

38
Q

Chemical test to show alkene is present

A

A simple test with bromine water

An alkene turns brown bromine water to colourless

39
Q

Equation for reaction of alkene and bromine water

A

R - CH2=CH2 - R + Br2 ——-> R - CH2 r - CH2Br - R

40
Q

Why is CH3COOC3H7 not an alkane

A

Contains oxygen

41
Q

Homologuous series

A

Group of organic compounds that react in a similar way

42
Q

Saturated compound

A

Chemical compound that resists addition reactions

43
Q

Waste products in complete combustion

A

Carbon dioxide and water vapour

44
Q

What is oxidised in complete combustion

A

Carbon and hydrogen

45
Q

Where does crude oil come from

A

Formed from remains of plants and animals mainly plankton that died millions of years ago and buried in mud

46
Q

Organic compound

A

Anything containing carbon

47
Q

Why are short-chain hydrocarbons make good fuels

A

They’re flammable

48
Q

What type of reaction is cracking

A

Thermal decomposition reaction

49
Q

Catalytic cracking

A

Long chain molecules split apart on surface of specks of catalyst

50
Q

Steam cracking

A

Cracking hydrocarbons by vapourising them

Mix with steam

Heat with high temperature

51
Q

Why do alkenes have double carbon bond

A

They have double bond between two of the carbon atoms in their chain

52
Q

Functional group

A

Group of atoms in a molecule that determine how that molecule typically reacts

Chemistry (10 decks)

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