C9

Question 1

Name the gases present in the current atmosphere and their proportions.

Answer 1

80% Nitrogen, 20% Oxygen, small amounts of CO2, H2O vapour, Methane and Argon
(CO2, H2O vapour and Methane are greenhouse gases)

Question 2

Earth’s early atmosphere is similar to that of which planets?

Answer 2

Mars and Venus

Question 3

What released most of the gases into the early atmosphere? What were they?

Answer 3

Volcanoes released most of the gases. Gases=CO2 (carbon dioxide), N2 (nitrogen) and H2O (water) Vapour.

Question 4

How were plants responsible for changes in the atmosphere?

Answer 4

Algae and Plants carried out photosynthesis which took CO2 in from the atmosphere and released O2 into it. Increasing O2 conc. and decreasing CO2 conc.

Question 5

What is the word equation for Photosynthesis?

Answer 5

Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

Question 6

What is the balanced symbol equation for Photosynthesis?

Answer 6

6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2

Think of Devil’s rule (666)

Question 7

How were the oceans formed?

Answer 7

The earth cooled, H2O (water vapour) condensed to form OCEANS.

Question 8

How were sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels formed?

Answer 8

CO2 dissolved into the oceans, over a long period of time sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels formed from this CO2 and remains of dead plankton.

Question 9

What conditions are required for sedimentary rock and fossil fuels to be formed?

Answer 9

Heat, pressure and time.
Organic matter converts into fossil fuels, sediment converts into sedimentary rock.

Question 10

Why are Oceans and Sedimentary Rocks described as ‘Carbon Sinks’?
Name 1 other Carbon Sink.

Answer 10

They contain a large amount of carbon. A rainforest.

Question 11

Name the 3 main greenhouse gases.

Answer 11

Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Water Vapour (H2O)

Question 12

Describe the greenhouse effect in terms of long and short wave radiation.

Answer 12

Short wavelength radiation passes through the gases in the atmosphere to the earth. It is re-emitted as long wavelength radiation, which is then absorbed by the greenhouse gases, further heating the earth.

Question 13

Describe 2 reasons why Carbon Dioxide levels are increasing in the atmosphere.

Answer 13

Burning Fossil fuels and Deforestation

Question 14

Describe 3 ways Methane is increasing in the atmosphere.

Answer 14

Farming Cattle. Farming Rice. Increased landfill

Question 15

Describe 4 effects of Global Warming

Answer 15

Rising Sea Levels, Increased Extreme weather events, Changes in migration patterns, Forest Fires.

Question 16

Define the phrase ‘Carbon Footprint’

Answer 16

The net/total amount of carbon released into the atmosphere by a product/person.

Question 17

Describe ways in which you can reduce your carbon footprint. State how these ways may be limited/not work

Answer 17

By planting trees to replace the CO2 released- takes a lot of time. Using public transport/walking to work/school- not everyone can use public transport or walk to where they need to be. Using renewable energy sources- unreliable, need certain conditions.
Often limited as Carbon footprint is affected by so many factors it is difficult to control all of them

Question 18

Define Complete Combustion and write a word equation for it.

Answer 18

Burning fuel in a plentiful supply of oxygen.
Methane + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 19

Define Incomplete Combustion and write a word equation for it.

Answer 19

Burning fuel in a limited supply of oxygen.
Methane + Oxygen → Carbon + Carbon Monoxide + Water

Question 20

What are the health implications of Carbon Monoxide?

Answer 20

It is a toxic gas and can result in fatality. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas which binds to haemoglobin in your red blood cells, preventing them from carrying oxygen to the cells in your body- resulting in unconsciousness or death.

Question 21

Write a balanced symbol equation for Complete combustion of Methane.

Answer 21

CH4(g)+2O2(g)⟶CO2(g)+2H2O(g).

Question 22

Write a balanced symbol equation for Incomplete combustion of Methane.

Answer 22

CH4(g)+3/2O2(g)→CO(g) + 2H2O(g)

Question 23

How are the following pollutants formed and what are the health implications:
a)Sulfur Dioxide
b)Nitrogen Oxide
c)Carbon Particulates

Answer 23

a)Sulfur Dioxide
Formed through impurities in fuel. Causes Acid Rain

b)Nitrogen Oxide
N2 reacts with O2 at high temperatures in engines. Causes acid rain and, mostly, respiratory problems

c)Carbon Particulates
Caused by incomplete combustion. Causes Global Dimming