C8.4 Flashcards
What is a cation?
A cation is an ion with a positive charge.
What is the flame test for lithium?
Lithium is red.
What is the flame test for sodium?
Sodium is yellow.
What is the flame test for potassium?
Potassium is lilac.
What is the flame test for Cu 2+?
Cu 2+ is blue-green.
What is the test for ammonia?
Ammonia’s test is using damp red litmus paper. It turns blue if ammonia is present.
What is the test for carbon dioxide?
Carbon dioxide’s test is using limewater. Limewater turns from clear to milky/cloudy.
What is the test for chlorine?
Chlorine’s test is used damp blue litmus paper. It turns red and is quickly bleached.
What is the test for hydrogen?
Hydrogen’s test is holding a lighted splint in the mouth of the test tube. It burns with a ‘squeaky pop’ sound if hydrogen is present.
What is the test for oxygen?
Oxygen’s test is holding a glowing splint, blow out the flame and if the splint relights, it is oxygen.
What is the test for a carbonate using dilute acid and limewater?
Carbonate:
-Add dilute hydrochloric acid.
-Bubbles that give off gas will turn limewater milky-white.
What is the test for chloride using aqueous silver nitrate under acidic conditions?
Chloride:
-Add the same volume of nitric acid as chloride
-Add aqueous silver nitrate.
-A white precipitate forms.
What is the test for nitrate by reduction with aluminium?
Nitrate:
-Add sodium hydroxide.
-Add aluminium.
-Warm gently.
-Ammonia gas is released which has a pungent smell and turns damp red litmus paper BLUE.
What is the test for sulfate by means of aqueous barium ions under acidic conditions?
Sulfate:
-Add dilute hydrochloric acid.
-Add barium salt solution (could be chloride or nitrate).
-A white precipitate forms.
What is the same for halides?
The test for any halides is the same as the above listed for chlorides. The only difference is the colour of the precipitate formed.
chloride - white
