C8 TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Question 1

What is the human circulatory system known as?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular system

Question 2

What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

1. Heart
2. Vessel (arteries, veins and capillaries)
3. Blood

Question 3

What is the function of veins in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 3

Carries blood to the heart

Question 4

What is the function of arteries in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 4

Carries blood away from the heart

Question 5

Fill in the blank: The human circulatory system is a _______ system.

Answer 5

closed

Question 6

Difference between pulmonary circulation and systematic circulation

Answer 6

pulmonary circulation : transport deoxygenated blood from body to heart to lungs

systematic circulation : transport oxygenated blood from lungs to heart & to all parts of the body

Question 7

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 7

An organ that pumps blood to the lungs and all parts of the body

The heart consists of 4 chambers.

Question 8

What is blood?

Answer 8

The circulatory fluid

Blood plays a crucial role in transporting nutrients and oxygen.

Question 9

What are blood vessels?

Answer 9

Tubes in which the blood flows

Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Question 10

What does the left atrium receive?

Answer 10

Oxygenated blood from the lungs through pulmonary vein

Question 11

What does the right atrium receive?

Answer 11

Deoxygenated blood from the whole body through vena cava

Question 12

What do both atria do?

Answer 12

Pump blood to ventricles

Question 13

How do the atrial walls compare to the ventricular walls?

Answer 13

Atrial walls are thinner than ventricular walls

Question 14

What does the left ventricle pump?

Answer 14

Oxygenated blood to the whole body through aorta

Question 15

What does the right ventricle pump?

Answer 15

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs through pulmonary artery

Question 16

What do both ventricles do?

Answer 16

Pump blood to lungs and whole body

Question 17

How do the walls of the left ventricle compare to the right ventricle?

Answer 17

Left ventricle walls are thicker than the right ventricle walls

Question 18

What part of the heart has even thicker muscular walls than the right ventricle?

Answer 18

Left ventricle

The left ventricle’s thicker walls allow for more powerful contractions.

Question 19

What is the primary function of the left ventricle?

Answer 19

To pump blood to all of the body apart from the lungs (systemic circulation)

The left ventricle’s role is crucial for delivering oxygenated blood to tissues.

Question 20

What does the right ventricle pump blood to?

Answer 20

The lungs

This process is known as pulmonary circulation.

Question 21

True or False: The contraction of the right ventricle needs to be as powerful as that of the left ventricle.

Answer 21

False

The contraction of the right ventricle does not need to be as powerful.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The left ventricle needs a more powerful contraction to pump blood to all of the body apart from the lungs, which is known as _______.

Answer 22

systemic circulation

Systemic circulation refers to the movement of blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The right ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to the _______.

Answer 23

lungs

This is part of the pulmonary circulation process.

Question 24

What are the two types of Atrioventricular (AV) valves?

Answer 24

Bicuspid (mitral) valve and tricuspid valve

Question 25

What is the primary function of Atrioventricular (AV) valves?

Answer 25

Prevent the backflow of blood from ventricles to atria

Question 26

What does the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevent?

Answer 26

The backflow of oxygenated blood from left ventricle into left atrium

Question 27

What does the tricuspid valve prevent?

Answer 27

The backflow of deoxygenated blood from right ventricle into right atrium

Question 28

What are the two types of semilunar valves?

Answer 28

Aortic valve and pulmonary valve

Question 29

What is the primary function of semilunar valves?

Answer 29

Prevent the backflow of blood from aorta and pulmonary arteries to ventricles

Question 30

What does the aortic valve prevent?

Answer 30

The backflow of oxygenated blood from aorta into left ventricle

Question 31

What does the pulmonary valve prevent?

Answer 31

The backflow of deoxygenated blood from pulmonary artery into right ventricle

Question 32

What is the bundle of His also referred to as?

Answer 32

AV bundle

Question 33

What characteristic do cardiac muscle cells possess?

Answer 33

They are autorhythmic/myogenic

Question 34

True or False: Cardiac muscle cells require signals from the nervous system to contract.

Answer 34

False (MYOGENIC)

Question 35

Fill in the blank: Cardiac muscle cells can contract and relax repeatedly without any signal from the _______.

Answer 35

nervous system

Question 36

Explain the mechanism of heartbeat

Answer 36

1. Heartbeat starts at sinoatrial/ SA node, which acts as a pacemaker, and generates electrical impulses
2. Impulse spread rapidly through the wall of atria, causing both atria to contract simultaneously
3. Blood is pumped into both ventricles.
4. Impulse from the SA node is delayed at the AV node for 0.1 second (before spreading to the heart apex)
5. This is to allow both atria to finish contracting and empty completely before the ventricles contract
6. Impulse from AV node is conducted to the heart apex and throughout the ventricular walls by bundle of His/ AV bundle, bundle branches and Purkinje fibers
7. Both ventricles contract simultaneously from the heart apex upwards
8. The blood in ventricles is pumped into the aorta and pulmonary arteries

Question 37

Order of impulse transmission system

Answer 37

1. Sinoatrial node
   (SA node)
2. Atrioventricular
   node (AV node)
3. bundle of His/ AV
   bundle
4. bundle branches
5. Purkinje fiber