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241 6-8 > C8 1-11 > Flashcards

C8 1-11 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the inverse relationship between mobility and stability within a joint.

A

When mobility increases, stability decreases and vice versa.

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2
Q

Joint/articulation

A

The junction of two or more bones

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3
Q

Structural classification of joints

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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4
Q

Fibrous joints characteristics

A

Bones are joined together by fibrous tissue (dense/reg ct) and lack a joint cavity

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5
Q

Cartilaginous joints characteristics

A

Bones are joined together by cartilage and lack a joint cavity

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6
Q

Synovial joints (basic) characteristics

A

Articulating bones separated by a fluid containing joint cavity

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7
Q

Functional classification of joints

A

Synarthroses, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

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8
Q

Synarthroses characteristic

A

Immovable joint

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9
Q

Amphiarthosis characteristic

A

Slightly moveable joint

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10
Q

Diarthrosis characteristic

A

Freely moveable joint

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11
Q

Fibrous joint types

A

Sutures (skull, dr/ct holds together), syndesmoses (fibula/tibia, dr/ct/ligament, slight movement), gomphoses (pegs in sockets, teeth held by ligament)

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12
Q

Cartilagenous joint types

A

Synchondrosis, Symphysis

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13
Q

Synovial joint characteristics 6

A
  1. articular (hyaline) cartilage on bone ends
  2. joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
  3. joint capsule encloses the joint cavity (two-layered fibrous dr/ct and synovial membrane areolar)
  4. synovial fluid fills free space within the joint cavity
  5. reinforcing ligaments dr/ct cross the synovial joints to strengthen the joint
  6. sensory nerves, blood vessels and tendons (in dr/ct but not part of joint)
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14
Q

Bursae

A

Flattened, fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid. Occur where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons or bones rub together. Reduce friction

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15
Q

Tendon sheath

A

Essentially an elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon that is subject to friction. Reduce friction.

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16
Q

What are three factors that stabilize synovial joints?

A 
1.  Shape of articular surfaces (plays more of a role in determining movement type, but does some stabilizing)  2. Ligaments - prevent excessive or unwanted movements (the more ligaments, greater the stability)  3.  Muscle tone - keeps tendons crossing
 joints taut (most important factor!)
17
Q

Flexion

A

Decreases the angle of the joint between two bones

18
Q

Extension

A

Increases the angle of the joint between two bones

19
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a limb away from the midline

20
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of a limb toward the midline

21
Q

Circumduction

A

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone

22
Q

Supination

A

rotating the forearm laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly

23
Q

Pronation

A

Rotating the arm medially so that the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly

24
Q

Inversion

A

Turns sole of foot so that it faces medially

25
Q

Eversion

A

Turns sole of foot so that it faces laterally

26
Q

Opposition

A

Touching thumb to fingers on the same hand

27
Q

Knee joint - tibiofemoral

A

Articulating bones: Tibia/femur
Joint type: Synovial hinge w/ articular discs
Functional type: Diarthrotic with flexion/extension movement
Joint stability: shape of condyles and menisci, ligaments ACL PCL MCL LCL

28
Q

Knee joint - femoropatellar

A

Articulating bones: Femur/patella
Structure type: Synovial-plane
Functional/movement type: Diarthrotic-gliding of patella
Joint stability: patellar ligament, bursa anterior and posterior

29
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Wear/tear, articular cartilage, bigger joints, unilateral

30
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune response, synovial membrane + articular cartilage, smaller joints, bilateral

31
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

Uric acid deposited in soft tissues of the joints

32
Q

Synchondrosis

A

have a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage uniting bone - epiphyseal plate. (Sternum/first rib)

33
Q

Symphysis

A

articular surfaces are covered with articular cartilage that is fused to an intervening pad or plate of fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis, between vertebra)

34
Q

Which stuctural types of joints are synarthosis?

A

Suture, gomphosis, synchondrosis

35
Q

Which stuctural types of joints are amphiarthrosis?

A

symphysis

36
Q

Which structural type of joint is both amphiarthrosis and synarthrosis?

A

Syndesmosis

241 6-8 (5 decks)

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