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FINISHED > C7.2 Esters > Flashcards

C7.2 Esters Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the functional group for esters?
A

‘-COO-‘

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2
Q
  1. What family are esters in?
A

-organic chemicals

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3
Q
  1. What produces esters?
A
  • carboxylic acids react with alcohols, in the presence of a strong acid catalyst (e.g. concentrated sulphuric acid), to produce esters
  • [esterification]
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4
Q
  1. What type of reaction is esterification?
A

-a reversible reaction

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5
Q
  1. What smells do esters have?
A

-esters have distinctive smells- pleasant

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6
Q
  1. What are esters responsible for?
A

-the smells and flavours of fruits

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7
Q
  1. What are examples of the uses of esters?
A

-food flavourings, solvents, plasticizers, perfumes

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8
Q
  1. What is the use of an ester as FOOD FLAVOURINGS?
A

-in sweets etc. because of sweet smell and taste

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9
Q
  1. What is the use of an ester as SOLVENTS?
A

-for paint, ink, glue, nail varnish remover

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10
Q
  1. What is the use of an ester as PLASTICIZERS?
A

-added to plastics to make them more flexible

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11
Q
  1. What is the use of an ester as PERFUMES?
A

-sweet smelling and volatile so it can evaporate easily so can be smelled)

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12
Q
  1. What is an example of an ester made form from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?
A

-ethyl ethanoate

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13
Q
  1. What are the techniques used to make a liquid ester?
A

1- heating under reflux
2- distillation
3- purification by treatment with reagents in a tap funnel
4- drying

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14
Q
  1. What are the reasons for HEATING UNDER REFLUX to make a liquid ester?
A

-heating a mixture speeds up the reaction; can’t use Bunsen burner or will catch fire before it reacts

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15
Q
  1. What is the process of HEATING UNDER REFLUX to make a liquid ester?
A

-mixture is gently heated in a flask fitted with a condenser which catches vapours and recycles them back into the flask, giving them time to react (refluxing)

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16
Q
  1. What are the reasons for DISTILLATION to make a liquid ester?
A

-separates ester from rest of mixture (unreacted alcohol, carboxylic acid, sulphuric acid, water)

17
Q
  1. What is the process of DISTILLATION to make a liquid ester?
A
  • mixture heated below a fractionating column
  • when temp of top column= boiling point of ethyl ethanoate (ester), the liquid that flows out of condenser is collected.
  • the liquid is impure ethyl ethanoate= distillate
18
Q
  1. What are the reasons for PURIFICATION to make a liquid ester?
A

-to remove impurities left from distillation

19
Q
  1. What is the process of PURIFICATION to make a liquid ester?
A
  • distillate (liquid) is poured into tap funnel
  • mixture is shaken with sodium carbonate solution= remove acidic impurities
  • lower layer tapper off as ethyl ethanoate doesn’t mix with water in sodium carbonate solution
  • remaining layer shaken with concentrated calcium chloride= remove thanol
  • lower layer taped off and removed
20
Q
  1. What are the reasons for DRYING to make a liquid ester?
A

-remove remaining water

21
Q
  1. What is the process of DRYING to make a liquid ester?
A
  • shake with lumps of anhydrous calcium chloride which absorbs water
  • pure ethyl ethanoate can be separated from solid calcium chloride by filtration
22
Q
  1. What are fats and oils?
A
  • esters of glycerol and fatty acids

- mainly fatty acid chains= most properties

23
Q
  1. What are fatty acids?
A

-long chain carboxylic acids (16-20 carbon atoms)

24
Q
  1. What is glycerol?
A

-an alcohol

25
Q
  1. Are fatty acids saturated or unsaturated?
A
  • can be both
  • saturated: C-C single bonds
  • unsaturated: C=C double bonds
26
Q
  1. Why do living organisms make fats and oils?
A

-as an energy store

27
Q
  1. What bonds do animal fats have?
A

-mainly saturated hydrocarbon chains
-few C=C bonds
=normally solid at room temperature

28
Q
  1. What bonds do vegetable oils have?
A

-mainly unsaturated hydrocarbon chains
-lots of C=C bonds
=normally liquid at room temperature

FINISHED (11 decks)

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