C7 Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Where is crude oil found
Rocks
What is crude oil the remains of
Plankton and other ancient biomass buried in mud and other sediment
Is crude oil an infinite or a finite resource
Finite
What is crude oil made from
Fossil fuels
Crude oil is made up of a different mixture of
Hydrocarbons
What are hydrocarbons
A compound made only from carbon and hydrogen atoms
In crude oil most of the hydrocarbons are called what?
Alkanes
Alkanes general formula is
CnH2n+2
What is the formula of ethane
C2H6
What are alkanes usually drawn as
A chain of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms
The first 4 alkanes are called what?
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
All carbon and hydrogen atoms are connected by what
Single covalent bonds
What are the different groups of hydrocarbons called
Fractions
The hydrocarbons in a fraction all have a similar number of what?
Carbon atoms
How are fractions seperated
Fractional distillation
The first step in fractional distillation is what?
To evaporate the crude oil by heating it
What does evaporating crude oil in fractional distillation cause
This causes most of the hydrocarbons to evaporate and rise up the fractional distillation column
Do short hydrocarbons have a low or high boiling point
Low boiling points
What does the low boiling point of short hydrocarbons mean in terms of fractional distillation
Short hydrocarbons condense near the top of the column where its cooler
Do long hydrocarbons have a low or high boiling point
High boiling point
What does long hydrocarbons high boiling point cause in terms of fractional distillation
Long hydrocarbons condense nearer the bottom of the column
Examples of fractions produced from fractional distillation used as fuels
Petrol
Diesel oil
Kerosene
Heavy fuel oil
Liquefied petroleum gas
Examples of fractions produced by fractional distillation used as everyday chemical products
Lubricants
Solvents
Detergents
Polymers
