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Chemistry paper 2 > C7- organic chemistry > Flashcards

C7- organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is crude oil made from?

A

Plankton buried underwater and compressed over a long time

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2
Q

What is in crude oil?

A

Hydrocarbons (carbon and hydrogen)

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3
Q

Two types of hydrocarbons?

A
  • Alkanes
  • Alkenes
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4
Q

What is the bond in alkanes?

A

Single covalently bonded carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms. they are saturated

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5
Q

Alkanes general formula

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

List first 4 alkanes and how many carbon atoms they have

A
  • Methane - 1 carbon
  • Ethane - 2 carbons
  • Propane - 3 carbons
  • Butane - 4 carbons
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7
Q

What needs to happen to the hydrocarbons in crude oil before it is used?

A

Separated into fractions

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8
Q

How does fractional distillation work?

A
  • They’re evaporated and rise up the fractionating column where they recondense at different heights
  • Longer alkanes have higher boiling points due to more energy needed to overcome the stronger intermolecular forces
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9
Q

Equation for complete combustion

A

fuel + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water

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10
Q

Equation for incomplete combustion

A

fuel + oxygen —-> carbon monoxide + water

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11
Q

General formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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12
Q

Alkene bonds?

A

Double covalent bond
They are unsaturated

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13
Q

Shorter alkanes v longer alkenes

A
  • Longer alkenes have higher viscosity
  • Shorter alkanes are more flammable
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14
Q

What does viscosity mean?

A

Thickness/gloopiness of something. eg honey has a higher viscosity than water

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15
Q

What can hydrocarbons be used for?

A
  • Solvents
  • Lubricants
  • Detergents
  • Polymers
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16
Q

How to test for alkenes?

A

Alkenes will turn bromine water from orange to colourless

17
Q

What is cracking?

A
  • There is more demand for shorter alkanes than longer ones.
  • Use cracking to break longer alkanes into shorter alkane and an alkene
  • Catalytic cracking uses a zeolite catalyst at 550 degrees
  • Steam cracking uses no catalyst and a higher temperature at >800 degrees

Chemistry paper 2 (4 decks)

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