c7: organic chem Flashcards
What a hydrocarbon
a molecule made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms
order of fuel seperated in a fractional distillation column
top to bottom
LPG
petrol
kerosene
diesel
heavy fuel oil
bitumen
Complete combustion
fuel + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water
Alkane properties
longer alkanes have higher viscosity
shorter alkanes are more flammable
hydrocarbons used to make
solvents
lubricants
detergents
polymers
ALKENES
make polymers
a hydrocarbon with at least one covalent bond
unsaturated
testing for alkenes
Alkenes will turn bromine water from orange to colourless
this is due to the bromine atoms binding to the alkene by breaking the double bond. The molecule has been saturated
cracking
used to break longer alkanes into a shorter alkane and an alkene to meet a high demand for shorter alkanes, compared to longer
catalytic cracking
uses a zeolite catalyst at 500•
steam cracking
uses no catalyst and a higher temp at >800•
Alcohols
-OH functional group
names end in -ol
COMPLETE COMBUSTION
alcohol + oxygen -> co2 + water
INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
alcohol + oxygen -> carbon monoxide + water
oxidised to produce a carboxylic acid (-COOH)
carboxylic acids
forms after an alcohol is oxidised
(-cooh)
Addition polymerisation
monomers joined together by addition polymerisation must contain a double bond which breaks in order to produce a single bond to bond to the next monomer
polymers
long chained organic molecules of repeating sections made from monomers
