C7

Question 1

What are core electrons?

Answer 1

Non-valance electrons

Question 2

What is the Electrostatic force?

Answer 2

The electrostatic force is the force that is repulsive between like charges and attracts opposite forces

Question 3

Magnitude of the Electrostatic force is based on:

Answer 3

1. Distance (separation of charges)
2. The Effective nuclear charge of the ion

Question 4

How is the Effective nuclear charge calculated

Answer 4

Zeff = p - s where p = number of protons and s = number of shielding electrons

Question 5

Define Inert:

Answer 5

Atoms that do not react with other atoms

Question 6

What causes Ions to be Inert?

Answer 6

Due to an effective nuclear charge of 8 and a complete outer shell, Atoms do not have a tendency to bond.

Question 7

The Ionic lattice is made of:

Answer 7

a lattice structure of alternating positive and negative ions

Question 8

Ionic lattices are held together by:

Answer 8

The strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged Ions

Question 9

Properties of Ionic compounds are:

Answer 9

• Hard
• High melting point
• High boiling point
• conductive when in a liquid or aqueous state

Question 10

Ionic compounds are hard due to:

Answer 10

the strong electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions

Question 11

Ionic compounds are conductive when liquid due to:

Answer 11

The possibility for the movement of ions (charge)

Question 11

Ionic compounds have a high boiling point/melting point due to:

Answer 11

The strong electrostatic force of attraction between the oppositely charged ions requires a large amount of energy to separate.

Question 12

Ionic compounds are brittle due to:

Answer 12

The lattice configuration of ionic compounds causes one shift in a layer of the compound to place like charges next to each other

Question 12

Define Conductivity:

Answer 12

The flow of charged particles (electrons, positively/negatively charged ions)

Question 12

Covalent bonding can create:

Answer 12

A lattice structure or molecules

Question 13

When in a solid state, there are strong intramolecular bonds between covalent molecules but:

Answer 13

Weak intermolecular bonds

Question 14

When in a solid state, there are weak intermolecular bonds between covalent molecules but:

Answer 14

strong intramolecular bonds

Question 15

Covalent bonds do not break when covalent molecules change state. What bonds break?

Answer 15

The intermolecular bonds

Question 16

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 16

Covalent bonds are the mutual attraction that the nuclei have on the shared electrons

Question 16

Name H2O as a covalent molecule

Question 16

Name N2H2 as a covalent molecule

Question 17

Which three elements are part of combustion reactions?

Answer 17

Oxygen, Carbon and Hydrogen

Question 17

When balancing combustion reaction equations, it is important to always:

Answer 17

Balance in order of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 18

When plentiful oxygen is available, what is produced in a combustion reaction?

Answer 18

Water (H2O) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Question 19

When plentiful oxygen is not available, what is produced in a combustion reaction?

Answer 19

Water (H2O), Carbon (C), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Question 20

C3H8(g)+ 5O2(g) → 4H2O(g) +3CO2 (g) Is an example of what kind of reaction?

Answer 20

Combustion reaction with plentiful oxygen supply

Question 21

The reactions below are both examples of --- reactions 2C3H8(g)+ 7O2(g) → 8H2O(g) +2C(s)+ 2CO(g)+ 2CO2 (g) 8C3H8(g)+ 19O2(g) → 32H2O(g) +20C(s)+ 2CO(g)+ 2CO2 (g)

Answer 21

Combustion reactions with restricted oxygen supply as they have Carbon and Carbon monoxide as products

Question 22

What is the test for hydrogen gas?

Answer 22

The Pop test

Question 23

How is the Pop test conducted?

Answer 23

A flame is introduced to the sample of hydrogen gas in an upside-down test tube and the pop can be heard

Question 24

What is the test for oxygen gas?

Answer 24

The glowing splint test

Question 25

How is the glowing splint test conducted?

Answer 25

A splint is lit on fire before it is put out, leaving it hot but not burning. The splint is then inserted into the oxygen gas. If the gas is oxygen then the splint will catch fire again.

Question 26

What is the test for Carbon dioxide?

Answer 26

the Lime Water Test

Question 27

How is the lime water test conducted

Answer 27

Carbon dioxide is bubbled through lime water (Ca(OH)2 solution). This is clear and colourless. The carbon dioxide reacts with the lime water to create Calcium carbonate and water, leaving the solution white and opaque.

Question 28

How do you test for group 1 metals?

Answer 28

A solution containing the metal is sprayed through a flame. If the flame changes colour, there is a group one metal present. the colour depends on the metal

Question 29

What is an Allotrope?

Answer 29

An allotrope is the same element but with a different physical structure

Question 30

Name two allotropes of carbon. Describe their structure.

Answer 30

Diamond: 3D lattice structure. No free electrons. high melting and boiling points, strong and hard to break Graphite: Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to three other carbon atoms. The fourth bonding electron becomes delocalised. 2D layers stacked on top of each other. brittle as layers are weakly bonded.

Question 31

Alkanes have how many bonds?

Answer 31

1

Question 32

Alkenes have how many bonds?

Answer 32

2

Question 33

Alkynes have how many bonds?

Answer 33

3

Question 34

What are the 5 steps in naming a hydrocarbon?

Answer 34

1. Identify If it is an alkane, alkene or alkyne 2. Find and name the longest continuous carbon chain. 3. Identify and name groups attached to this chain. 4. Number the chain consecutively, starting at the end nearest a substituent group. 5. Designate the location of each substituent group by an appropriate number and name