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C6 > C6.1 > Flashcards

C6.1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is chemical synthesis

A

raw materials —-> useful products

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2
Q

examples

chemical synthesis

A 
food additives
fertilisers
dyestuffs
paints
pigments
pharmaceuticals
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3
Q

example of pure acidic compound which is a solid

A

citric acids

tartaric acids

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4
Q

pure acidic compound
liquid
(3)

A

sulfuric
nitric
ethanoic

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5
Q

pure acidic compounds

gases

A

hydrogen chloride

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6
Q

common alkalis
the hydroxides of what?
(3)

A

sodium
potassium
calcium

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7
Q

PH scale

acids

A

pH less than 7

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8
Q

pH scale

bases

A

alkalis pH greater than 7

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9
Q

what are bases?

A

oxides and hydroxides of metals

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10
Q

pH

acidic neutral alkaline

A

redish-yellow
green-blue
purple

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11
Q

what are used to detect whether a substance is acidic or alkaline?

A

indicators:
litmus paper
universal indicator
pH meters

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12
Q

how is the pH of a substance measured?

A

using a full range indicator

universal indicator solution/ pH meter

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13
Q

hydrochloric acid + potassium hydroxide —>

A

Potassium chloride + water

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14
Q

sulfuric acid + copper oxide —>

A

copper sulfate + water

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15
Q

nitric acid + copper oxide —>

A

copper nitrate + water

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16
Q

what is a neutralisation reaction?

A

the reaction of acid with an alkali to form a salt

17
Q

what do acidic compounds produce when dissolved in water?

A

aqueous hydrogen ions H+(aq)

18
Q

what do alkaline compounds produce when they dissolve in water?

A

aqueous hydroxide ions OH-(aq)

19
Q

acid + base —> neutral salt solution + water

EXAMPLE

A

hydrochloric acid + potassium hydroxide —> potassium chloride + water

20
Q

simplest way of writing neutralisation reaction

A

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) —> H2O (l)

21
Q

what are endothermic reactions accompanied by?

A

a fall in temperature

they take in heat

22
Q

example of an endothermic change

A

dissolving ammonium nitrate crystals in water

23
Q

how can the energy change in an endothermic reaction be shown?

A

an energy-level diagram

energy is taken in during reaction so products have more energy than reactants

24
Q

what are exothermic reactions accompanied by?

A

a temperature rise

give out heat

25
Q

example of exothermic reaction

A

carbon + oxygen —> carbon dioxide

26
Q

how can the energy change in an exothermic reaction be shown

A

energy level diagram

energy is lost to surroundings during reaction so products have less energy than the reactants

C6 (3 decks)

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