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C6 > C6.1 > Flashcards

C6.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What deficiency causes poor growth and yellow leaves?

A

Nitrogen

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2
Q

What deficiency causes poor fruit growth and discoloured leaves?

A

Potassium

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3
Q

What deficiency causes poor root growth and discoloured leaves?

A

Phosphorus

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4
Q

What is the phosphate ion?

A

PO4 3-

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5
Q

What is the nitrate ion?

A

NO3 -

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6
Q

What is the ammonium ion?

A

NH4 +

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7
Q

Haber Process equation:

A

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <–>2NH3 (g)

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8
Q

How is nitrogen manufactured?

A

Fractional distillation of liquefied air

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9
Q

How is hydrogen manufactured?

A

Reacting natural gas with steam

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10
Q

Making potassium sulfate method (with reasoning): (4)

A
  • Add few drops of phenolphthalein to potassium hydroxide solution
  • Add dilute sulfuric acid and stop when it turns colourless
  • Add charcoal (to remove indicator)
  • Evaporate water (not to dryness)
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11
Q

Making ammonium sulfate method (with safety): (3)

A
  • Add few drops of methyl orange to ammonia solution (take care breathing the toxic gas)
  • Add dilute sulfuric acid and stop when it turns from yellow to red
  • Add a little excess ammonia
  • Evaporate water (not to dryness)
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12
Q

Batch process definition:

A

Small amount made at one time, that stops frequently

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13
Q

Continuous process definition:

A

Large amounts made that continue all the time

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14
Q

Haber process conditions: (3)

A
  • 200 atmospheres (high for fewer moles)
  • 450 degrees Celsius (low for exothermic reaction but high enough)
  • Iron catalyst
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15
Q

What happens to the unreacted hydrogen and nitrogen?

A

They are recycled

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16
Q

Stage 1 of Contact Process:

A

S (s) + O2 (g) –> SO2 (g)

17
Q

Stage 2 of Contact Process:

A

2SO2 (g) + O2 <–> 2SO3 (g)

18
Q

Conditions for Contact Process:

A
  • 2 atmospheres (low, although it should be high)
  • 450 degrees Celsius (low, but high enough)
  • Vanadium oxide catalyst
19
Q

Why is the pressure still low for the Contact process?

A

In real life the equilibrium is already shifted to the right anyway so it does not need to be altered any more

20
Q

Stage 3 of the Contact Process:

A

H2O (l) + SO3 (g) –> H2SO4 (aq)

21
Q

Stage 1 breakdown of Stage 3 (Contact Process):

A

H2SO4 (l) + SO3 (g) –> H2S2O7 (l)

22
Q

Stage 2 of Stage 3 of Contact Process:

A

H2S2O7 (l) + H2O (l) –> 2H2SO4 (aq)

23
Q

Fermentation equation:

A

C6H12O6 (aq) –> CO2 (g) + C2H5OH (aq)

24
Q

What is the optimum temperature for fermentation?

A

35 degrees

25
Q

Hydration of ethene method:

A

C2H4 (g) + H2O (g) <–> C2H5OH (g)

26
Q

Copper carbonate ore?

A

Malachite

27
Q

Aluminium oxide ore?

A

Bauxite

28
Q

Iron III oxide

A

Haematite

29
Q

If more reactive than carbon what is used?

A

Electrolysis

30
Q

If less reactive than carbon what is used?

A

Reduction with carbon/carbon monoxide

31
Q

Stage 1 of copper extraction:

A

CuS (s) + 3O2 (g) –> CuO (s) + 2SO2 (g)

32
Q

Stage 2 of copper extraction:

A

2CuO (s) + C (s) –> 2Cu (s) + CO2 (g)

33
Q

Extracting copper steps: (3)

A

1) Mix copper oxide and charcoal in crucible and heat for several minutes
2) Transfer contents to beaker of water - copper sinks to bottom and excess charcoal floats
3) Wash copper to separate it

34
Q

Stage 1 of extracting iron w/ description:

A

Coke burns in air making CO2
C (s) + O2 (g) –> CO2 (g)

35
Q

Stage 2 of extracting iron w/ description:

A

More coke reduces carbon dioxide to make CO
CO2 (g) + C (s) –> 2CO (g)

36
Q

Stage 3 of extracting iron w/ description:

A

Carbon monoxide reacts with iron oxide to make carbon dioxide and iron
3CO (g) + Fe2O3 (s) –> 3CO2 (g) + 2Fe (l)

37
Q

Stage 1 of purification w/slag (include description):

A

Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
CaCo3 (s) –> CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

38
Q

Stage 2 of purification w/slag (include description):

A

Calcium oxide reacts with silica to make calcium silicate
CaO (s) + SiO2 (g) –> CaSiO3 (l)

39
Q

What is the molten calcium silicate also called and how does it purify other compounds?

A

It is called slag and it floats on the molten compound so they are removed separately in the blast furnace

C6 (1 decks)

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