C6 Failure Flashcards

1
Q

type of failure

2 types

A
  1. ductile
  2. brittle
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2
Q

elobrate

ductile

A
  • occur at high temp
  • show plastic deform
  • has 5 cup-cone fracture stage
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3
Q

elobrate

brittle

A
  • occur at low temp
  • not showing any deform
  • break without warning
  • when look at microscope can see thin line sample fail
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4
Q

what are

stages in cup-and-cone fracture

A
  1. necking
  2. cavity formation
  3. coalescence cavities form crack
  4. crack propagation
  5. fracture
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5
Q

the sharp tip in sample crack can causing

A

it propogate crack

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6
Q

how to stop crack growth

A

blunt the tip

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7
Q

crack growth condition

A

K ≥ Kc = Yθ√(πa)

Y=material behaviour, a=area

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8
Q

Formula for: θ (y-axis) vs a max (x-axis)

A

θ design < Kc / Y(√πa max)

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9
Q

Formula for graph: a max (y-axis) vs θ (x-axis)

A

a max < (1/π) [Kc / Y(θ design)]^2

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10
Q

for both graph: (a max vs θ) & (θ vs a max)

the area under graph means

A

no fracture

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11
Q

for both graph: (a max vs θ) &

the area above graph means

A

fracture

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12
Q

ductile brittle transition test

A

charpy experiment test

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13
Q

charpy experiment test conduct at diff temp

A
  • to the left (low temp): brittle
  • to the right (high temp): ductile
  • impact energy = (max - min) / 2
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14
Q

Type application of failure

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Creep
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15
Q

what is fatigue

A
  • predict max cycle
  • repeated cycling load
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16
Q

what is creep

A
  • predict max time
  • time dependent deform due to constant load at high temp
17
Q

low cycle fatigue

A

small no of cycle
* high load
* plastic & elastic deform

18
Q

high cycle fatigue

A

large no of cycle
* low load
* elastic deform (N>10^5)

19
Q

type of fatigue behaviour :

A

fatigue limit Sfat : no fatigue is S < Sfat

21
Q

Fatigue S-N curves

A

above graph: unsafe
below graph: safe

21
Q

type of stress for fatigue test

3 types

A
  1. axial (tension-compression)
  2. flexural (bending)
  3. torsional (twisting)
22
Q

mean stress, σm

A

(σmax + σmin) / 2

23
Q

stress amplitude, σa

A

(σmax - σmin) / 2

24
Q

stress range, σr

A

σmax - σmin

25
Q

stress ratio, R

A

σmin / σmax

26
Q

Factors affect fatigue life

  • magnitude of stress
  • quality of stress

what is solution

A
  • polish surface
  • introduce compressive stress into surface area
  • case hardening
  • optimize geometry
  • avoid internal corners
27
Q

environmental effect

thermal fatigue solution

A
  • change design
  • use material with low thermal expansion coefficient
28
Q

environmental effect

corrosion fatigue solution

A
  • decrease corrosiveness of medium
  • add protective surface coating
  • add residual compressive stress
29
Q

improve fatigue life

A
  1. impose a compressive surface stress ( to suppress surface crack growth
  2. remove stress concentrators

2 method : shot peening & caburizing

30
Q

prediction of creep rupture lifetime

A

T(20 + log tr) = L

T= temp,K . tr= time rupture/failure . L= function of applied stress

31
Q

materials that resilent to creep

resilient = tahan

A
  • stainless steel
  • refractory metals (contain element high m.p. eg;Nb, Ta)
  • superalloys (Co, Ni based)