C6- Cells

Question 1

What are the 3 things required for life

Answer 1

1. Organic molecules/ compounds
2. 3 states of matter
3. An energy source

Question 2

What are the 2 groups of living cells?

Answer 2

1. Eukaryotes Cells

2. Prokaryotic cells

Question 3

What is the main characteristic of a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 3

Contains a nucleus and membrane organelles

Question 4

What is the main characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

No nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Question 5

What is meant by the term ‘Heterotrophic’?

Answer 5

Consumes nutrients to meet energy needs of cells

Question 6

What is meant by the term ‘Autotrophic’?

Answer 6

Uses photosynthesis to build sugars as a energy supply

Question 7

What is the role of the mitochondria?

Answer 7

• Site of aerobic respiration

> Energy is released from sugars

Question 8

What is the role of the chloroplast?

Answer 8

• Site of photosynthesis

> Sugars are build from sunlight

Question 9

What is the role of the Golgi body/ apparatus?

Answer 9

• Site of the synthesis of larger, complex molecules such as hormones

Question 10

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 10

• Smooth> where lipids are synthesized

- Rough> where proteins are synthesized

Question 11

What are the 3 main functions of the cell membrane?

Answer 11

1. Protect cytoplasm from external environment
2. Main homeostasis (stability) within the cell
3. Regulate the input and output of molecules for the cell

Question 12

What are the 2 types of transport across the cell membrane?

Answer 12

1. Passive transport

2. Active transport

Question 13

What are the 3 types of passive transport?

Answer 13

1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated diffusion
3. Osmosis

Question 14

What are the 4 types of active transport?

Answer 14

1. Protein or ion pumps
2. Endocytosis
3. Exocytosis
4. Contractile vacuoles

Question 15

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 15

• Doesn’t require energy
• Only soluble and very small molecules can pass through
• Moves with the concentration gradient, high>low

Question 16

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 16

• No energy is involved
• Moles are ‘helped’ across the membrane through channels
• Moves with the concentration gradient, high > low

Question 17

What is Osmosis?

Answer 17

• Movement of water molecules

Question 18

What is meant by ‘hypotonic’?

Answer 18

High concentration of H2O outside of the cell

Question 19

What is meant by ‘hypertonic’?

Answer 19

Low concentration of H20 inside the cell

Question 20

What is meant by ‘isotonic’?

Answer 20

Same concentration

Question 21

What is ‘endocytosis’?

Answer 21

Endo- enter

Materials are enfolded in the membrane which then closes, onced closed it breaks down the materials.

Question 22

What is ‘exocytosis’?

Answer 22

Exo- exit

Transport of materials out of the cell, opposite method of endocytosis.

Question 23

What is ‘mitosis’?

Answer 23

• 2 indentical daughter cells

- Used in the growth, repair and replacement of cells

Question 24

What is ‘meiosis’?

Answer 24

• 4 different daughter cells (gametes)
• Carry half the number of chromosomes
• For reproduction