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5s and 6s Clevedon Science > C6 > Flashcards

C6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What charge is on the cathode?

A

The cathode is negative.

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2
Q

What charge is on the anode?

A

The anode is positive.

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3
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Electrolysis is the flow of charge by the movement of ions to electrodes.

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4
Q

What is made during the electrolysis of sulphuric acid?

A

During the electrolysis of sulphuric acid H2 is made at the cathode and O2 at the anode.

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5
Q

What two factors affect the amount of substance deposited at each electrode?

A

The two factors that affect the amount of current deposited is the time and current.

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6
Q

Construct the balanced symbol equation between H2 and O2

A

2H2 + O2 —-> 2H2O

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7
Q

Construct the balanced symbol equation for reaction in a fuel cell.

A
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8
Q

Give 3 the advantages of using fuel cells in spacecraft.

A

Don’t have to carry heavy fuel

Doesn’t take up much space

Produces no pollution

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9
Q

Give 2 reasons why the car industry is developing fuel cells.

A

The car industry is developing fuel cells as petrol is running out and there are environmental concerns about the amount of pollution from petrol cars.

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10
Q

Write a word equation for rusting.

A

Iron + oxygen + water —-> Hydrated Iron Oxide.

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11
Q

What do redox reactions involve?

A

Redox reactions involve oxidation and reduction.

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12
Q

What is reduction?

A

Reduction is the gain of electrons.

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13
Q

What is oxidation.

A

Oxidation is the loss of electrons.

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14
Q

In what 2 ways does galvanising iron prevent rusting.

A

Galvanising iron with zinc acts as a barrier to rusting and galvanising zinc acts as a sacrificial metal.

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15
Q

Construct word equation for the reaction between sodium and copper chloride solution. What do we call this type of reaction displacement reactions

A

sodium + copper chloride solution = copper metal + sodium chloride solution.

This is called a displacement reactions

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16
Q

Construct a word equation for the reaction between potassium and copper chloride solution. What do we call this type of reaction reaction?

A

copper chloride solution + potassium = Copper metal + potassium chloride solution.

This is called a displacement reactions

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17
Q

Construct a word equation for the reaction between sodium and silver chloride solution. What do we call this type of reaction reaction?

A

sodium + silver chloride solution = silver metal + sodium chloride solution

This is called a displacement reaction.

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18
Q

What is the molecular formula and displayed formula of ethanol?

A

C2H5OH

19
Q

Write the word and balanced symbol equations for fermentation.

A

Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + energy + water

20
Q

Why is ethanol made by fermentation, a renewable fuel

A

Crops that are used to make ethanol can be grown again in a few months.

21
Q

Why is ethanol made from ethene a non-renewable fuel?

A

Ethene is produced from crude oil and once crude oil is used it takes millions of years to replace it.

22
Q

What is the catalyst that hydration of ethane needs.

A

The catalyst that hydration of ethane needs is phosphoric acid catalyst.

23
Q

Explain why the use of CFCs has been banned in the UK.

A

They create holes in the ozone layer.

24
Q

How do CFCs deplete the ozone layer.

A

CFCs deplete the ozone layer by breaking the bonds between O3 molecules which make up ozone.

25
Q

What is it that reacts with the ozone?

A

Highly reactive chlorine atoms react with ozone.

26
Q

How does depletion of the ozone layer let more UV reach Earth?

A

Ozone layer absorbs most of the uv light from the Sun, stopping it reaching the earths surface.

27
Q

What can we replace harmful CFCs with?

A

CFCs can be replaced with alkanes or HFCs.

28
Q

What causes the origin of temporary hardness in water?

A

Water travels across rocks which are rich in magnesium hydrogen carbonate or calcium hydrogen carbonate.

29
Q

How can temporary hardness be removed from water?

A

Temporary hardness can be removed from water by boiling it.

30
Q

What causes permanent hardness in water?

A

Permanent hardness is caused by calcium sulfate.

31
Q

How does boiling remove temporary hardness in water.

A

It makes the soluble calcium hydrogen carbonate become the insoluble calcium carbonate.

32
Q

What would you measure to show if water is hard or soft?

A

The froth on the soapy water.

33
Q

How would you describe animal and vegetable fats and oils.

A

Animal and vegetable fats and oils are esters.

34
Q

Describe how bromine water is used to show unsaturation in oils.

A

Add bromine water and if the oil is unsaturated the bromine water goes colourless.

35
Q

How is margarine manufactured from vegetable oils?

A

Margarine is manufactured from vegetable oils by polymerisation.

36
Q

How do immiscible liquids, like oil and water, form emulsions?

A

They both have hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends and they attract to each other.

37
Q

What do we call the splitting up of fats using hydroxides?

A

The splitting up of fats using hydroxides is saponification.

38
Q

Explain the advantages of using low-temperature washing.

A

The advantages of using low-temperature washing is that it saves money on electricty and does not damage the clothes as much.

39
Q

Describe a detergent molecule.

A

Detergent molecules have a hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends.

40
Q

How does dry cleaning clean our clothes?

A

Dry cleaning cleans our clothes by using solvents that are not water and the dirt particles attach themsleves to the solvent and are removed.

41
Q

What kind of stains do dry-cleaning solvents act on?

A

Dry-cleaning solvents act on stains insoluble in water.

42
Q

What does the data on a washing powder packet tell you?

A

The temperature that you should use, the length of wash and the ingredients.

43
Q

Name the 5 ingredients in soap powder.

A
  1. active ingredient
  2. bleach
  3. optical brightners
  4. water softeners
  5. enzymes

5s and 6s Clevedon Science (6 decks)

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