C5.1 Monitoring chemical reactions Flashcards
accurate
a measure of how close a result is to the true value. An accurate result is very close
actual yield
the mass of product obtained in a chemical reaction
atom economy
proportion of atoms in the reactants that end up in the desired product. It is given by (sum of Mr of desired product ÷ sum of Mr of all products) × 100
burette
a graduated tube with a tap, used in titrations
by-product
a substance formed in a reaction in addition to the desired product. By-products may or may not be useful
concordant titres
results from a titration that are within 0.10cm3 of each other
end-point
the point at which the two reactants in a titration have exactly reacted together
limiting reactant
a reactant present in an amount less than that needed to react completely with the other reactant in a chemical reaction
measuring cylinder
a piece of apparatus used to measure different volumes of solution
meniscus
the curve in the surface of a liquid
molar volume
the volume occupied by one mole of a gas (24dm3 at room temperature and pressure)
percentage yield
the proportion of the theoretical yield actually obtained during a reaction, expressed as a percentage. It is given by (actual yield ÷ theoretical yield) × 100
pipette filler
device to draw liquids into a pipette safely
precision
a measure of how close the agreement is between measured values
reaction pathway
a reaction, or series of reactions, chosen for making a particular substance
repeatable
a measure of how close values are to each other when an experiment is repeated with the same equipment
reversible reaction
chemical reaction that can proceed in either direction
theoretical yield
the maximum possible mass of product that could be formed in a reaction, calculated using the law of conservation of mass
titration
a method in which a neutralisation reaction is used to determine the concentration of an acid or alkali
titre
a measured volume of solution added from a burette during a titration to reach the end-point
volumetric pipette
a piece of glassware used to measure an accurate volume of solution for a titration
yield
the mass of a particular product formed in a reaction