C5 Flashcards
What elements come after carbon in the reactivity series?
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium and aluminium
What elements come after hydrogen but before carbon in the reactivity series?
Zinc, iron, tin and lead
What elements in the reactivity series come before hydrogen?
Copper, silver, gold and platinum
What is an ore?
A rock that contains enough of a element/compound to make extracting the element/compound worthwhile
What are the products of a reaction between a metal and an acid?
A metal salt and hydrogen
Why does copper not react with acid?
It is lower than hydrogen on the reactivity series, so cannot displace the H+ ions from the solution
What are the formulas for sulphuric, nitric and phosphoric acid?
S- H2SO₄
N- HNO₃
P- H3PO₄
Write an equation for the reaction between magnesium and copper(II) sulphate solution:
Mg(s) + CuSO4(aq) → MgSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Write an ionic equation for the reaction between magnesium and copper(II) sulphate solution:
Mg(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s)
The sulphate (SO42-) ions are not included as they do not change in the reaction
What is the name of this process show in the half-equation?:
Fe(s)→ Fe2+ + 2e-
Oxidation
How can carbon be used to extract metals from their oxides?
The metal oxide can be heated with carbon, and it will displace the metal from its oxide (reducing it), forming a pure metal and carbon dioxide gas
How can tungsten be extracted from its oxide, given that it will form a compound if reacted with carbon?
It can be heated with hydrogen gas, producing pure tungsten and steam
Why do we tend to not use alkali metals in reactions with acids?
They react too violently for the reaction to be carried out safely.
What is a base?
Compounds that can neutralise acids. Alkalis are a type of base called a soluble base
What are the products of a reaction between a base and an acid?
A salt and water
Describe the process you would use to obtain copper sulphate crystals using sulphuric acid and copper (II) oxide (insoluble base):
1) Add insoluble copper (II) oxide to sulphuric acid + stir. Warm gently on tripod and gauze
2) Keep adding and stirring until excess black copper oxide is observed
3) Filter into a conical flask
4) Pour the copper sulphate solution into an evaporating dish and obtain the crystals via crystallisation (not writing it fully because I already know how crystallisation works)
What type of positive ion can be found in a salt?
A metal or ammonium ion
What colour does litmus paper turn in acids and alkalis?
red- acid
blue-alkali
What ions do acids release when they are dissolved in water?
H+
What may be an indication of a metal reacting with an acid?
Fizzing, as hydrogen gas is produced
Where does the position of equilibrium lie in dissociation of weak acids?
To the left- there are more molecules of dissociated acid than undissociated
