C4.1/2 - Atomic & Electronic Structure

Question 1

What four things did John Dalton suggest about atoms?

Answer 1

• All matter is made from atoms
• Atoms cannot be made or destroyed
• All atoms of an element are identical
• elements contain different types of atoms

Question 2

Who first suggested the theory that everything was made from atoms?

Answer 2

John Dalton in 1803 suggested this. Other scientists had suggested this before but Daltons ideas were more detailed.

Question 3

Dalton’s ideas were developed into a detailed theory of atomic structure. In 1897, what did J.J Thompson discover in development to Dalton’s original ideas?

Answer 3

In 1897, J.J Thompson discovered that atoms contain even smaller subatomic particles called electrons.

Question 4

What did Ernest Rutherford discover in 1911 about atoms?

Answer 4

Ernest Rutherford discovered that an atom is mostly empty space with its electrons arranged around a central nucleus.

Question 5

What did Neils Bohr discover to Rutherford’s theory?

Answer 5

Neils Bohr calculated that electrons move in fixed orbits or shells around the nucleus.

Question 6

What is the nucleus of an atom made of?

Answer 6

The nucleus of an atom is made up from two subatomic particles called protons and neutrons.

Question 7

Describe the properties of protons, neutrons and electrons.

Answer 7

• Protons: protons are positively charged
• Neutrons: neutrons have no electrical charge
• Electrons: electrons are negatively charged

Question 8

Why is an atom electrically neutral?

Answer 8

An atom is electrically neutral overall because it contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Question 9

Most of the mass of an atom is found in the ______.

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

Name the three subatomic particles

Answer 10

Neutrons, protons and electrons

Question 11

Which subatomic particle has the least mass? Also state the charge of this atom.

Answer 11

Electrons have the least mass and they are negatively charged.

Question 12

Which subatomic particle is positively charged and state it’s mass.

Answer 12

Protons are positively charged and it has a mass of 1

Question 13

Which subatomic particle has no electrical charge and state it’s mass.

Answer 13

Neutrons have no electrical charge and it has a mass of 1

Question 14

What is the mass of an electron?

Answer 14

0.0005

Question 15

The atomic number of an atom is the number of _______ it contains.

Answer 15

Protons

Question 16

The (I) ________ ______ contains information about each

(II) ________, including the atomic number of its atoms.

Answer 16

(I) Periodic Table

(II) Elements

Question 17

Is the atomic number shown at the bottom of the box or at the top?

Answer 17

The atomic number is always the bottom number

Question 18

The mass number of an atom is the total number of (I) _______ and (II) ________ it contains.

Answer 18

(I) protons

(II) neutrons

Question 19

What are isotopes?

Answer 19

Isotopes are varieties of an element that have the same atomic number (same amount of protons), but different mass numbers (different amount of neutrons).

Question 20

Isotopes are shown by a full chemical symbol e.g 12/6 C.

How would you work out the number of neutrons an isotope has?

Answer 20

The number of neutrons an isotope has it the top number minus the bottom number.
The top number is the mass number(number of protons and neutrons) and the bottom number is the atomic number(number of protons).

Question 21

How are isotopes named?

Answer 21

Isotopes are named after their element and mass number. For example 12/6 C would be named Carbon-12.

Question 22

When an atom becomes and ion, it’s nucleus stays the same and so do the numbers of protons and ________.

Answer 22

Neutrons

Question 23

An ion with a single negative charge has one more electron than the original atom. Why does this make it negatively charged?

Answer 23

This is because there is an imbalance between positively charged subatomic atoms (protons) and negatively charged subatomic atoms (electrons). An extra electron causes the atom to become negatively charged since electrons are negatively charged.

Question 24

An ion with a single positive charge has one less electron than the original atom. Why does this make it positively charged?

Answer 24

This is because there is an imbalance between positively charged subatomic atoms (protons) and negatively charged subatomic atoms (electrons). One less electron causes the atom to become positively charged since electrons are negatively charged. So now there is one more protons which is positively charged than negatively charged electrons.

Question 25

What is an element?

Answer 25

🎩 An element is a substance that cannot be broken down
🖕🏿👿🖕🏿 down chemically and it only contains one type of atom.
👕
👖
^^

Question 26

How many elements are there?

Answer 26

Just over 100 different elements.

Question 27

No elements have the same _______ number.

Answer 27

Atomic

Question 28

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

Answer 28

Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number in the periodic table.

Question 29

What is a compound?

Answer 29

A compound is a substance that contains two or more different elements, chemically combined. Chemical bonds join the elements together in a compound, so the elements are not just mixed together.

Question 30

What does the chemical formulae show?

Answer 30

The chemical formulae shows the symbols of each element it commits, and the number of atoms of each element. CuSO4 (small 4). It shows that this compound contains copper, sulfur, and oxygen (4 oxygens).

Question 31

Electrons occupy _____ around the nucleus.

Answer 31

Shells

Question 32

What is the way that the electrons are arranged in an atom called?

Answer 32

The electronic structure. Different shells can hold a different number of electrons.

Question 33

How many electrons can the first shell, second shell and third shell hold?

Answer 33

First shell : 2 electrons
Second shell : Can hold up to 8 electrons
Third shell : Can hold up to 8 electrons