C4.1 Flashcards
What happens to Density down Group 1?
It increases
What happens to reactivity down group 1?
It increases
Why does reactivity increase down Group 1?
The outermost electron gets further away from the nucleus, so it has weaker forces of attraction and is lost more easily.
What happens to the melting and boiling point down Group 1?
It decreases
What is the ionic equation for group 1 metals?
M(s) → M+(aq) + e-
What happens when an Alkali metal (Group 1) reacts with water?
It produces a metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What are the melting and boiling points of Group 7 elements like?
Very low
How dense are group 7 elements?
Not very dense
What happens to the reactivity down the group of Group 7?
They decrease
Why does reactivity decrease down group 7?
The closer the outer shell is to the nucleus, the stronger the forces of attraction, making it easier to gain an electron.
What happens to density down group 7?
It increases
What happens to melting and boiling points down group 7?
It increases
What happens when group 7 reacts with metal?
It produces a metal and salt
e.g. sodium reacts with chlorine to produce sodium chloride
What is the ionic equation for group 7 elements?
X₂ + 2e- → 2X-
What colour is fluorine?
Pale yellow
What colour is chlorine?
Green gas
What colour is bromine?
Orange-brown liquid, vaporises easily
What colour is iodine?
Shiny-grey black crystalline solid that sublimes to form a purple vapour
Why are group 0 noble gases unreactive?
They have a full outer shell and have no tendency to lose or gain electrons.
What are the boiling points in group 0 like?
Very low
What happens to the boiling points down group 0?
It increases
What happens to forces between atoms down group 0?
They get stronger
What are the density of group 0 elements like?
Very low
What happens to density down group 0?
It increases
What are transition metals used for in chemical reactions?
As catalysts
What do transition metals form?
Coloured compounds/ions with different charges
What are the melting points like in transition metals?
High melting point
What is the density like in transition metals?
Very dense
What is the reactivity of transition metals like compared to group 1 and 2?
They are not as reactive
What are the properties of transition metals?
- shiny when freshly cut
- good conductors of electricity
- strong
- malleable
What happens if a transition metal is less reactive than an alkali group 1 metal?
It will barely react or won’t react at all
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up.
What is the reactivity series?
Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Carbon, Zinc, Iron, Lead, Hydrogen, Copper, Gold, Platinum
In general, what happens to the reactivity of metals down the group?
Reactivity increases
Generally, what happens to the reactivity of non-metals down the group?
Reactivity decreases
What makes non-metals more reactive?
More electrons in outer shell
What is the equation for when a reactive metal reacts with acid?
Metal + acid → metal salt + hydrogen
What is the equation for when reactive metals react with water?
Metal + water → hydroxides + hydrogen
(Magnesium + water → magnesium hydroxide + hydrogen)
