C4 - The Vine

Question 1

Vine Species

Answer 1

Vitis Vinifera & American Vines.

Question 2

When select grape variety, grape grower will also be concerned other facts such as?

Answer 2

Budding,Ripening time, and Diseases.

Question 3

How grape is grown and propagated and where do they take place?

Answer 3

Cutting - commercial nurseries or Layering - vineyard.

Question 4

Due to the risk of phylloxera, most grape growers now use what to grow grape?

Answer 4

Cutting.

Question 5

Explain what is “Clonal selection”

Answer 5

Vine with positive mutations are selected for further propagation by cutting or layering, so that the positive characteristics of the vines can be carried forward in new plantings

Question 6

Grape variety Pinot Blanc is mutation of?

Answer 6

Pinot Noir.

Question 7

Grape variety Pinot Gris is mutation of?

Answer 7

Pinot Noir.

Question 8

How to create new grape variety?

Answer 8

Cross-fertilisation.

Question 9

Explain the difference between grape Propagation, Mutation, & Cross-fertilisation.

Answer 9

Propagation - Same variety.

Mutation - Same variety, sometimes new.

Cross-fertilisation - New variety.

Question 10

Explain what is crossing and the result of crossing.

Answer 10

A new grape variety is produced from two parents of the same species.

(Most used in V.vinifera, however crossings of American vines exist too)

Question 11

Cabernet Sauvignon is a crossing of?

Answer 11

Cabernet France & Sauvignon Blanc.

Question 12

Muller Thurgau is a crossing of?

Answer 12

Riesling & Madeleine Royale

Question 13

Pinotage is a crossing of?

Answer 13

Pinot Noir & Cinsault.

Question 14

Explain what is hybrid?

Answer 14

A hybrid is a vie whose parents come from two different vine species. (At least one American vine as a parent.)

Question 15

Normally grape from American vines are rarely used in winemaking but there are some notable exceptions. Please give one example.

Answer 15

Vidal, grown in Canada.

Question 16

Where are the three places doesn’t have phylloxera problem?

Answer 16

Chile, some part of Argentina, & South Australia.

Question 17

Explain the purpose and process of two different grafting techniques.

Answer 17

Bench grafting - to join a rootstock to a V. vinifera.

Head grafting - to switch to different grape variety.

Question 18

What are the part of vine grow each new year and what does it include and what do they do?

Answer 18

The green parts of the vine - A Shoot: Leaves, Buds, Tendrils, & Flowers or berries.

Question 19

Explain what are the role of buds playing in a newly grow shoot.

Answer 19

Can be describe as embryonic shoots. Once formed, they mature inside their casing during growing season so that, by the end of the year, each bud contains in miniature all the structures that will become the shoot, leaves, flowers and tendrils the following year.

Question 20

Explain what are the role of leaves playing on a vine.

Answer 20

Plant’s engine. Responsible for photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.

Question 21

Explain what are the role of flowers and berries playing on a vine.

Answer 21

Flowers are the vine’s reproductive organs.

Flower -> pollinated -> berries.

(Inflorescences -> bunch of grapes ->harvest / attract animal to disperse the seeds)

Question 22

Explain what are the role of playing on a vine.

Answer 22

Vine are not able to support themselves, so they use tendrils to grip a supporting structure, such as trellis wire.

Question 23

Explain what is One-year-wood and why is important to manage them for the grape grower?

Answer 23

Shoot turn woody during the winter after they have grown.

Vine will normally only produce fruit on shoots that grow from buds that developed the previous year.

Question 24

What is difference between cane and spur?

Answer 24

Its depending on how many buds it is left with after prune.

Cane is long with 8 to 20 buds.

Spur is short and has only 2 to 3 buds.

Question 25

Explain what is permanent wood and what does it made up of?

Answer 25

Permanent is wood that is more than one year old. It is made up of the trunk and the arms of vine.

Question 26

Elaborate the function of the roots in a vine.

Answer 26

Their function is to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, anchor the vine and store carbohydrates to allow the vine to survive the winter.