C4 Chemical Changes Knowledge Organiser Flashcards
Define Ion
The charged particle formed when an atoms gains or loses electrons
Define Displacement Reaction
When a more reactive substance takes the place of a less reactive substance
Define Oxidation
The gaining of oxygen OR the loss of electrons (OIL)
Define Reduction
The loss of oxygen OR the gain of electrons (RIG)
Define Base
Ionic compounds that can neutralise acids
Define Alkali
Soluble bases
What is the symbol for Hydrochloric acid and what salt it makes
HCl, makes chlorides(Cl-)
What is the symbol for Sulphuric acid and what salt it makes
H2SO4, makes sulphates(SO4 2-)
What is the symbol for Nitric acid and what salt it makes
HNO3, makes nitrates(NO3-)
Finish the word equations Metal + oxygen → Metal + water → Metal + acid → Acid + base → Acid + alkali → Acid + carbonate →
Metal + oxygen → Metal oxide
Metal + water → Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Metal + acid → Metal salt + hydrogen
Acid + base → Salt + water
Acid + alkali → Salt + water
Acid + carbonate → Salt + water + carbon dioxide
Least reactive metals occur native. More reactive metals occur as ores. For ores containing metals less reactive than carbon, carbon can be used to reduce the metal in a d________ r_______. Example:
Iron (III) oxide + carbon →______+______ _______
Fill in the blanks
displacement reaction
iron + carbon dioxide
Some less reactive metals can be reduced using hydrogen:
Copper (II) oxide + hydrogen → copper + _______
Fill in the blank
water
Group 1 metals = +1
Ammonium (NH4+) = +1
Group 2 metals =___
Aluminium = ___
Group 1 metals = +1
Ammonium (NH4+) = +1
Group 2 metals = +2
Aluminium = +3
Group 7 = -1 Nitrate (NO3-) = \_\_ Hydroxide (OH-) = \_\_ Sulphate (SO42-) = \_\_ Carbonate(CO32-) = \_\_ Oxide (O2-) = \_\_
Group 7 = -1 Nitrate (NO3-) = -1 Hydroxide (OH-) = -1 Sulphate (SO42-) = -2 Carbonate(CO32-) = -2 Oxide (O2-) = -2
