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Science > C4 > Flashcards

C4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ionic substances are made when….Ions combine together, they can be solid, melted or dissolved in water to produce aqueous solutions

A

Metal and non metal

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2
Q

Why do solid ionic substances not conduct electricity

A

Ions are not free to move

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3
Q

Why do liquid ionic substances conduct electricity

A

Ions are free to move

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4
Q

What particles carry the electric current through the liquid of the electrolysis equivalent

A

Ions

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5
Q

What partials carry the electric current through the wires of the electrolysis equipment

A

Electrons

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6
Q

What is the name of the liquid ionic substance given in electrolysis

A

Electrolyte

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7
Q

What are the two electrodes made of

A

Graphite

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8
Q

What is the positive electrode called

A

Anode

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9
Q

What ions get attracted to the positive electrode

A

Negative, non-metal ions

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10
Q

What is the negative electrode called

A

Cathode

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11
Q

What ions get attracted to the negative electrode

A

Positive, usually metal ions

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12
Q

What is the rule for which elements are formed at the negative electrode

A

If hydrogen ions and metal ions and present then hydrogen gas will be produced, if the metal is more reactive than hydrogen

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13
Q

What is the rule for which elements are formed at the positive electrode

A

If hydroxide ions and halide ions are present, then atoms of chlorine bromine and iodine are produced

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14
Q

When an element is oxidised, what does this mean

A

It gains oxygen or it looses electrons

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15
Q

When an element is reduced what does this mean

A

It has oxygen removed from it or it gains electrons

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16
Q

How are pure metals between copper and zinc obtained

A

By reduction with carbon

17
Q

Why can magnesium not be obtained this way

A

It is more reactive than carbon

18
Q

Make sure you know how the colour of universal indicator changes with pH number

A

Acids go red, neutral goes green alkalis go purple

19
Q

What ions make acids acidic

A

+
H

20
Q

What ions make alkalis alkaline

A

_
OH

21
Q

Write out the ionic equation for neutralisation of acids with alkalis

A

+ _
H + OH ~> H2O

22
Q

What makes an acid a strong acid

A

They ionizs completely in water forming many H+ ions

23
Q

What makes an acid a weak acid

A

They do not ionize completely in water, only forming a few H+ ions

24
Q

What salts are formed when metal reacts with hydrochloride acid

A

Chlorides

25
Q

What salts are formed when metal reacts with sulphuric acid

A

Sulphates

26
Q

What salts are formed when metals react with nitric acid

A

Nitrates

27
Q

What 3 substances are made when aqueous sodium chloride is electrolysed?

A

Hydrogen gas, chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide

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