C4 Flashcards
Ionic substances are made when….Ions combine together, they can be solid, melted or dissolved in water to produce aqueous solutions
Metal and non metal
Why do solid ionic substances not conduct electricity
Ions are not free to move
Why do liquid ionic substances conduct electricity
Ions are free to move
What particles carry the electric current through the liquid of the electrolysis equivalent
Ions
What partials carry the electric current through the wires of the electrolysis equipment
Electrons
What is the name of the liquid ionic substance given in electrolysis
Electrolyte
What are the two electrodes made of
Graphite
What is the positive electrode called
Anode
What ions get attracted to the positive electrode
Negative, non-metal ions
What is the negative electrode called
Cathode
What ions get attracted to the negative electrode
Positive, usually metal ions
What is the rule for which elements are formed at the negative electrode
If hydrogen ions and metal ions and present then hydrogen gas will be produced, if the metal is more reactive than hydrogen
What is the rule for which elements are formed at the positive electrode
If hydroxide ions and halide ions are present, then atoms of chlorine bromine and iodine are produced
When an element is oxidised, what does this mean
It gains oxygen or it looses electrons
When an element is reduced what does this mean
It has oxygen removed from it or it gains electrons
How are pure metals between copper and zinc obtained
By reduction with carbon
Why can magnesium not be obtained this way
It is more reactive than carbon
Make sure you know how the colour of universal indicator changes with pH number
Acids go red, neutral goes green alkalis go purple
What ions make acids acidic
+
H
What ions make alkalis alkaline
_
OH
Write out the ionic equation for neutralisation of acids with alkalis
+ _
H + OH ~> H2O
What makes an acid a strong acid
They ionizs completely in water forming many H+ ions
What makes an acid a weak acid
They do not ionize completely in water, only forming a few H+ ions
What salts are formed when metal reacts with hydrochloride acid
Chlorides
What salts are formed when metal reacts with sulphuric acid
Sulphates
What salts are formed when metals react with nitric acid
Nitrates
What 3 substances are made when aqueous sodium chloride is electrolysed?
Hydrogen gas, chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide
