C4 Flashcards
METALS REACT WITH OXYGEN TO PRODUCE _____?
METAL OXIDES
WHAT IS OXIDATION IN TERMS OF ELECTRONS?
OXIDATION IS THE LOSS OF ELECTRONS AND GAIN OF OXYGEN
WHAT IS REDUCTION IN TERMS OF ELECTRONS?
REDUCTION IS THE GAIN OF ELECTRONS AND LOSS OF OXYGEN
WHAT DO METAL ATOMS FORM WHEN METALS REACT WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES?
POSITIVE IONS
REACTIONS OF METALS WITH WATER AND ACIDS ARE LIMITED TO ___ TEMPERATURE?
ROOM
METALS SUCH AS GOLD ARE FOUND IN THE EARTH BECAUSE THEY ARE ____?
UNREACTIVE
METALS CAN BE EXTRACTED FROM THEIR OXIDES BECAUSE? THIS IS CALLED?
THEY ARE LESS REACTIVE THAN CARBON. REDUCTION WITH CARBON
METAL + ACID –>
SALT + WATER
ACID + ALKALI –>
WATER + SALT
BASE + ACID –>
WATER + SALT
ACIDS ARE NEUTRALISED BY ____?
ALKALIS
ALKALIS ARE NEUTRALISED BY ____?
ACIDS
ACIDS + METAL CARBONATE –>
SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
HYDROCHLORIC ACID PRODUCES WHAT SALT?
CHLORIDE
NITRIC ACID PRODUCES WHAT SALT?
NITRATE
SULPHURIC ACID PRODUCES WHAT SALT?
SULFATE
NAME 4 INSOLUBLE SUBSTANCES
METALS
METAL OXIDES
HYDROXIDES
CARBONATES
SALT SOLUTIONS ARE ___ TO PRODUCE _____ _____?
CRYSTALLISED
SOLID SALTS
IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS ACIDS PRODUCE ________?
HYDROGEN IONS
H+
IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS ALKALIS PRODUCE ________?
HYDROXIDE IONS
OH-
pH SCALE RANGES FROM __ TO__?
0 TO 14
DESCRIBE THE pH SCALE
A MEASURE OF A SOLUTION’S ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY
HOW IS pH SCALE MEASURED?
BY UNIVERSAL INDICATOR OR pH PROBE
TITRATION DEFINITION
WHERE A SOLUTION OF AN KNOWN CONCENTRATION IS USED TO FIND THE CONCENTRATION OF AN UNKNOWN SOLUTION
IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION A STRONG ACID IS ____ IONISED
COMPLETELY IONISED
IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION A WEAK ACID IS ____ IONISED
PARTIALLY IONISED
NAME 3 WEAK ACIDS
ETHNIC ACID
CITRIC ACID
CARBONIC ACID
NAME 3 STRONG ACIDS
SULPHURIC ACID
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
NITRIC ACID
THE STRONGER AN ACID THE ____ THE pH
LOWER
AS THE pH DECREASES BY 1 UNIT, THE HYDROGEN IONS CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION DECREASES BY __?
10
IN ELECTROLYSIS WHAT TYPE OF COMPOUND IS USED?
IONIC COMPOUND
IN ELECTROLYSIS THE SOLID IONIC COPMPUND MUST BE ______ OR ______ __ _____
MELTED
DISSOLVED IN WATER
WHY MUST THE IONIC COMPOUND BE MELTED OR DISSOLVED IN WATER?
THE IONS ARE FREE TO MOVE ABOUT WITHIN THE LIQUID OR SOLUTION
LIQUIDS ABLE TO CONDUCT ELECTRICITY WITH IONS FREE TO MOVE ARE CALLED?
ELECTROLYTES
AN _____ CURRENT IS PASSED THROUGH THE ELECTROLYTES
ELECTRIC CURRENT
THE ELECTRIC CURRENT PASSED THROUGH THE ELECTROLYTES CAUSES ___ TO MOVE TO THE ________
IONS
ELECTRODES
POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS MOVE TO THE _____
NEGATIVE ELECTRODE
NEGATIVELY CHARGED IONS MOVE TO THE ______
POSITIVE ELECTRODE
POSITIVELY CHARGE ION
CATION
NEGATIVELY CHARGED ION
ANION
POSITIVE ELECTRODE
ANODE
NEGATIVE ELECTRODE
CATHODE
THE METAL IS PRODUCED AT WHAT ELECTRODE
CATHODE
THE NON-METAL IS PRODUCED AT WHAT ELECTRODE
ANODE
AT THE CATHODE WHAT IONS GAIN ELECTRONS
POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS
AT THE ANODE WHAT IONS LOSS ELECTRONS
NEGATIVELY CHARGED IONS
WHEN CATIONS GAIN ELECTRONS THIS IS CALLED
REDUCTION
WHEN ANIONS LOSE ELECTRONS THIS IS CALLED
OXIDATION