C3.6 Alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters Flashcards by ella b

What do all names of alcohols end in?

-ol

eg ethanOL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the general formula for an alcohol?

CnH2n +1 OH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a homologous series?

A group of chemicals that react in a similar way because they have the same functional group

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the first 3 members in the homologous series for alcohols?

methanol, ethanol, propanol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some properties of alcohols (methanol, ethanol and propanol)?

dissolve in water to form a neutral solution
react with sodium to produce hydrogen
burn in air
are used as fuels and solvents, and ethanol is the main alcohol in alcoholic drinks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What functional group do alcohols contain?

-OH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is produced when an alcohol burns in air?

carbon dioxide and water

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the word equation for methanol burning in air?

2CH3 0H + 3O2 ——– 2CO2 + 4H2O

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens when alcohol is oxidised?

it forms a carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens when ethanol is oxidised?

it forms ethanoic acid (which is a carboxylic acid)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How can ethanol be oxidised to form ethanoic acid?

by chemical oxidising agents or by microbial action

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens when an alcohol turns into a carboxylic acid?

the alcohol has been oxidised

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the main acid in vinegar?

ethanoic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vinegar is an …….. solution

aqueous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the functional group for carboxylic acids?

-COOH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some properties of carboxylic acids?

dissolve in water to produce acidic solutions
react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide
react with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce esters
do not ionise completely when dissolved in water and so are weak acids
aqueous solutions of weak acids have a higher pH value than aqueous solutions of strong acids with the same concentration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens when alcohols dissolve in water?

a neutral solution is formed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens when alcohols react with sodium?

hydrogen is formed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some uses of alcohols?

fuels

solvents

ethanol is used in alcoholic drinks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why are alcohols useful as solvents in industry?

as they can dissolve some substances that water can not dissolve- eg- hydrocarbons, fats

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe how alcohol can be used as a fuel

ethanol can be mixed with petrol and used as fuel for cars- the more ethanol in a petrol/ethanol mix, the less pollution is produced as ethanol is clean burning

What do the names of carboxylic acids end in?

-anoic

eg EthANOIC acid

What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with a carbonate?

carbon dioxide and water and a salt is produced

the salt will end in -anoate

eg methanoic acid will form a methanoate salt

Describe what happens when carboxylic acids dissolve in water

They dissolve in water to produce acidic solutions.

This is because when they dissolve, they ionise and release H+ ions which are responsible for making the solution acidic.

However, they do not ionise completely (not many H+ ions are released) so they just form weak acid solutions

This means that they have a higher pH (less acidic) than aqueous solutions of strong acids with the same concentration

What ions cause a solution to be acidic?

H+ ions

What is the concentration of an acid?

how watered down the acid is

What does the strength of an acid depend on?

How well the acid has ionised in water

What is the word equation for the reaction of the formation of carboxylic acids?

alcohol + oxygen------------- carboxylic acid + water eg ethanol + oxygen------------- ethanoic acid + water

Describe why wine goes off if you leave it open

as the ethanol in it is oxidised and has formed a carboxylic acid

What are the first 3 carboxylic acids in the homologous series?

methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid

What are carboxylic acids with longer chains of carbon atoms used to make?

soaps and detergents

What is the word equation to produce an ester?

alcohol + carboxylic acid ------- ester + water

What is the word equation to make the ester, Ethyl ethanoate?

ethanoic acid + ethanol ----- ethyl ethanoate + water

What is needed to produce an ester?

a carboxylic acid, an alcohol and an acid catalyst

Give an example of an ester

Ethyl ethanoate

What do the names of esters end in?

-oate

The alcohol forms the............ part of the esters name and the carboxylic acid forms the....... part for example.....

first second methanol + propanoic acid ----- methy propanoate + water

What is the functional group for esters?

-COO-

What are some properties of esters?

- they are volatile compounds - have distinctive smells - useful as flavourings and as perfumes - flammable - do not mix very well with water (not very soluble)

Why are esters used in perfumes?

they smell nice they are volatile

What are some negatives of using esters?

inhaling the fumes of some esters irritates mucous membranes in the nose and mouth ester fumes are very flammable some esters are toxic

What are some advantages of using esters in solvents?

they are not as volatile or as toxic as some other organic solvents this is whey esters have replaced other solvents in many paints and nail varnishes

Name the series of organic compounds with the functional group COO

esters

What alcohol is used to make propyl ethanoate?

propanol

When alcohols dissolve in water, why is the solution formed not alkaline?

as alcohols only have covalent bonds in its molecule

When a carboxylic acid dissolves in water, the solution formed is........

acidic

What are some uses of ethanol

alcoholic drinks solvents fuels

what type of reaction produces ethanoic acid from ethanol

oxidation

Explain why a solution of ethanoic acid has a higher pH than a solution of hydrochloric acid

ethanoic acid is weak because it does not completely ionise

name the ester made from ethanol and ethanoic acid

ethyl ethanoate

What does volatile mean?

evaporates easily because it has a low boiling point