C3.5 Flashcards
Why do energy requirements and emissions need to be considered in industrial processes
For economic reasons and for sustainable development
What are the raw materials for the haver process
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Where is nitrogen obtained from
The air
Where is hydrogen obtained from
Natural gas or other sources
How is ammonia made
Nitrogen and hydrogen are purified
The purified gases are passed over a catalyst of iron at high temperatures of about 450 degrees centigrade and a high pressure about 200 atmospheres
Some of the hydrogen and nitrogen reacts to form ammonia
The reaction is reversible so ammonia breaks down again into nitrogen and hydrogen: nitrogen+ hydrogen= ammonia on cooling, the ammonia liquefies and is removed
The remaining hydrogen and nitrogen are recycled
What happens when a reversible reaction occurs in a closed system
Equilibrium is reached when the reactions occur at exactly the same rate in each direction
What does the relative amounts of all reacting substances at equilibrium depend on
The conditions of the reaction
What happens if the temperature is raised in a reversible reaction
The yield from the endothermic reaction increases and the yield from the exothermic reaction decrease
What happens if the temperature in a reversible reaction is lowered
The yield from the endothermic reaction decreases and the yield from the exothermic reaction increases
In a gaseous reactions what will an increase in pressure favour
The reaction that produces the least number of molecules as shown by the symbol equation of the haber process
Why are pressure and reaction rates important in industrial processes
When determining the optimum conditions in industrial processes including the haber process
