C3.2 Defence Against Diseases Flashcards
Define Pathogen
Pathogen: a disease-causing microorganism such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and protists.
Distinguish between HIV and AIDS
Compare lymphocytes to phagocytes
Lymphocytes are part of the adaptive immune system, where each pathogen encountered elicits a new and different response and immune responses develop during an organism’s life. In contrast, phagocytes are part of the innate immune system. This system is non specific, as different pathogens are all responded to i the same way and the response do not change during an organisms life. Similarly, phagocytes undergo phagocytosis to engulf and kill pathogens while lymphocytes do not. The phagocyte has a lobed nucleus but the lymphocyte has a rounded nucleuis. While lymphocytes produce antibodies, phagocytes do not produce antibodies. lymphocytes Comparing them, both are white blood cells. Both are actively involved in the immune response.
Compare and contrast antibiotics to antibodies
An antibiotic is a chemical that inhibits the growth of microorganisms. It is usually produced by funguses, and not made by humans. However, an antibody is found in the human body and produced by B-lymphocytes and it’s production is actively triggered by antigens. Antibioticd kill bacteria, but antibodies can kill not only bacteria but also viruses and other pathogens. Antibiotic inhibit bacterial wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA replication and metabolic pathways. However antibodies bind to patohgens or infected cells, neutralising or marking them to be destroyed by other cells.
Both are used to fight infections, and both can be used in medicine to treat diseases. Both interact with specific components of pathogens.
Explain how Antigens trigger antibody production
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Calculate herd immunity for….
