C3.1.3 Trends within the periodic table Flashcards

1
Q

What are group 1 elements called?

A

Alkali metals.

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2
Q

Give 4 properties of alkali metals.

A

Highly reactive with water

Soft + can be cut easily with a knife

Low densities

Form hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkaline solutions

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3
Q

What is the general equation for an alkali metal reaction with water?

A

group 1 metal + water → group 1 metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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4
Q

What happens to the properties of alkali metals when you go down the group?

A

The melting points and boiling points decrease.

The reactivity increases.

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5
Q

What do alkali metals form when they react with non metals?

A

Ionic compounds - white solids which form colourless solutions when they dissolve.

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6
Q

Describe what happens when an alkali metal reacts with a non metal.

A

The alkali metal loses an electron, becoming a positively charged ion.

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7
Q

What are the properties of transition metals compared to alkali metals?

A

Higher melting points (except for mercury)
Higher densities
Stronger and harder
Less reactive

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8
Q

What do transition metals form when they react?

A

Coloured compunds

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9
Q

Give a common use of transition metals.

A

Catalysts

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10
Q

What are group 7 elements called?

A

Halogens

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11
Q

Describe what happens when a halogen reacts with a metal.

A

It forms ionic compounds in which the halide ion carries a charge of –1.

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12
Q

What happens to the properties of halogens when you go down the group?

A

The melting point and boiling point increase

The reactivity decreases

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13
Q

What happens in a halogen displacement reaction?

A

A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt.

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14
Q

What does the reactivity of an element depend on?

A

How easily its atoms lose or gain electrons.

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15
Q

What happens to metals when they react with non metals?

A

Metal atoms lose electrons when they react with non-metals.

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16
Q

What happens to non metals when they react with metals?

A

Non-metal atoms gain electrons when they react with metals.

17
Q

What makes it easier for a metal to lose an electron?

A

A low amount of electrons in the outer shell

A higher energy level (shell) - further from the nucleus.

18
Q

What makes it easier for a non metal to gain an electron?

A

A high amount of electrons in the outer shell but not full.

A lower energy level (shell) - closer to the nucleus