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Chemistry: C3 > C3.1 The periodic table > Flashcards

C3.1 The periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the first to arrange a periodic table?

A

Newlands

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2
Q

Why was Newlands’ work ignored?

A

Because he left no gaps for undiscovered elements

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3
Q

Who was the second person to arrange the elements into a periodic table?

A

Mendeleev

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4
Q

How did Mendeleev arrange his periodic table?

A

He put the elements in order of atomic mass, but he left gaps in order to keep the elements with similar properties in the same vertical columns (groups)

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5
Q

What did the gaps in Mendeleev’s table predict?

A

The properties of the undiscovered elements

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6
Q

Elements with the same properties were in the same…

A

Columns, known as groups

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7
Q

Why is it called the periodic table?

A

Because similar properties occur at regular intervals

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8
Q

In the early periodic table some elements were placed in inappropriate groups because…

A

Newlands did not leave gaps in his table for undiscovered elements

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9
Q

What was discovered in the 20th century that caused a change in the arrangement of the periodic table?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons

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10
Q

How was the periodic table rearranged after this discovery?

A

The periodic table was rearranged in order of atomic (proton) numbers. Then all the elements were placed in the appropriate groups

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11
Q

How else can the modern periodic table be seen as arranged by?

A

The electronic structures of the elements, elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

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12
Q

What is the number of each group also equal to?

A

The number of electrons in their outer shell

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13
Q

What are the elements in Group 1 known as?

A

The alkali metals

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14
Q

Alkali metals have a low…

A

Density

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15
Q

Alkali metals react with non-metals to form…

A

Ionic compounds in which the metal ion carries a charge of +1

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16
Q

What ionic compounds are formed from alkali metals and non-metals?

A

White solids that dissolve in water to form a colourless solution

17
Q

When alkali metals react with water they…

A

Release hydrogen

18
Q

Alkali metals form…

A

Hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkaline solutions

19
Q

In Group 1, the further down the group an element is, the more…

A

Reactive it is

20
Q

In Group 1, the further down the group an element is, the lower…

A

Its melting and boiling point

21
Q

Why, in Group 1, are the elements further down more reactive?

A

Because they are much bigger, therefore meaning the outer shell is much further from the nucleus. This means the forces of attraction holding them together are much weaker, allowing the outer electron to be lost easily

22
Q

Compared with elements in Group 1, transition elements have higher…

A

Melting and boiling points and higher densities

23
Q

Compared with elements in Group 1, the transition elements are…

A

Stronger and harder

24
Q

Compared with elements in Group 1, the transition elements are much less…

A

Reactive and therefore do not react as vigorously with water or oxygen

25
Q

What do many transition elements form?

A

Colourful compounds

26
Q

Many transition elements have ions…

A

With different charges

27
Q

What are many transition elements useful as?

A

Catalysts

28
Q

What are the elements of Group 7 known as?

A

The halogens

29
Q

What do the halogens react with metals to form?

A

Ionic compounds in which the halide ion carries a -1 charge

30
Q

In Group 7, the further down the group an element is, the less

A

Reactive the element is

31
Q

In Group 7, the further down the group an element is, the higher…

A

Its melting and boiling point

32
Q

Why in Group 7, are the elements further down the group less reactive?

A

Because the elements further down are bigger and the outer shell further away from the nucleus the forces of attraction pulling towards the nucleus are weaker, making it more difficult to gain an electron

33
Q

What can a more reactive halogen do to a less reactive halogen?

A

A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen form an aqueous solution of its salt

34
Q

What can the trends in reactivity within the groups be explained by?

A

The higher the energy level, the further out the outer shell is from the nucleus, the more easily electrons are lost and the less easily electrons are gained

Chemistry: C3 (3 decks)

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