C3.1 Metals

Question 1

Name properties of metals

Answer 1

• High MP and BPs
• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Malleable (easily hammered)
• Ductile (drawn into wires)
• Opaque
• High density
• Shiny
• Solid at room temperature (except Mercury)
• Form positive ions
• Used to form strong alloys

Question 2

What is the structure of metals

Answer 2

-Regular lattice structure
-Delocalised electrons surrounding positive metal ions
-Electrons and ions carry a strong force of electrostatic attraction
Electrons vibrate at fixed positions

Question 3

Explanation on HIGH MP AND BP of metals

Answer 3

Strong forces of electrostatic attraction which means more thermal energy is needed to break those forces

Question 4

Explanation on ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY of metals

Answer 4

There are delocalised electrons in a metal’s structure so they can carry a charge

Question 5

Explanation on MALLEABILITY of metals

Answer 5

The positive ions and and delocalised electrons can shift depending on the strength of the electrostatic forces as when thermal energy is applied the lattice breaks allowing the ions and electrons to freely move

Question 6

Reactivity series in order

Answer 6

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Lead
HYDROGEN
Copper
Silver

Question 7

Equation of reactive metals reacting with acid

Answer 7

ACID + METAL —-> SALT + HYDROGEN

• The more vigorous the reaction is, is the indicator that the metal is highly reactive
• The more reactive the metal, the faster and more vigorous the reaction is (eg. more bubbles produced)

Question 8

Equation of metals with water

Answer 8

METAL + WATER —-> METAL HYDROXIDE + HYDROGEN
OR
less reactive metal + steam —-> metal oxide + hydrogen
-Very reactive metals (like potassium ) when reacted with water produce a metal hydroxide and react more vigorously
-Less reactive metals (like aluminium) produced a metal oxide
-Copper, lead and silver do not react with either

Question 9

Oxidation definition

Answer 9

Gain of oxygen by a substance

Question 10

Reduction definition

Answer 10

Loss of oxygen by a substance

Question 11

Name 3 extraction methods of metals

Answer 11

• Electrolysis (applies to the most reactive metals that are more reactive than aluminum)
• Reduction with carbon (applies to all metals less reactive than carbon but more reactive than hydrogen)
• Phytomining
• Bioleaching

Question 12

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 12

When a more reactive element displaces a lesser reactive one in a reaction

Question 13

Equation of reduction of carbon with metals

Answer 13

METAL OXIDE + CARBON —-> METAL+ CARBON DIOXIDE

Question 14

Explanation on Phytomining

Answer 14

• Grow plants in soil containing metal compounds and because plants cannot get rid of them the metals build up in the leaves
• The plants are harvested and burned leaving ash which contains the metal compound
• The metal is extracted from the ash via electrolysis

Question 15

Explanation on Bioleaching

Answer 15

• Use bacteria to covert insoluble metal compounds in ores to soluble ones which separates the metal from the ore
• The solution produced in the process (leachate) contains a dilute solution of metal ions which are extracted by electrolysis or displacement by metals

Question 16

Advantages of Bioleaching and Phytomining

Answer 16

• Less damaging to the environment
• Uses less energy
• Cheaper

Question 17

Disadvantages of Bioleaching and Phytomining

Answer 17

-Take a large amount of time to produce a large quantity of metal