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Chemistry C1 to C3 > C3.1 chemical reactions > Flashcards

C3.1 chemical reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Define exothermic

A

Reaction that releases energy in heat

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2
Q

Define endothermic

A

A reaction that absorbs heat energy

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3
Q

Define molecule

A

Two or more atoms covalently bonded

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4
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy needed to react

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5
Q

Bond energy

A

Energy needed to break a bond

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6
Q

How to calculate bond energy

A
  • How many bonds there are x bond energy
  • reactants will be positive and products will be negative
  • mesured in kJ
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7
Q

How to calculate the energy change

A

Energy needed to break bonds subtract energy released when bonds are made

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8
Q

Why reactions are exothermic or endothermic using energy profiles

A

Exothermic=When energy released is greater than activation energy

Endothermic= When energy needed to break bonds is greater than energy released

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9
Q

Acid

A

pH below 7 Form hydrogen ions H+

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10
Q

Alkali

A

pH above 7 From hydroxide ions OH-

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11
Q

Neutralisation

A

The reaction between an acid and alkali to form a salt plus water H+ +OH- -> H2O

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12
Q

Acid plus metal

A

ACID + METAL → SALT + HYDROGEN sulfuric acid + magnesium→ magnesium sulfate + hydrogen H2SO4 + Mg → MgSO4 + H2

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13
Q

ACID + METAL CARBONATE

A
  • ACID + METAL CARBONATE → SALT + CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER
  • sulfuric acid + calcium carbonate → calcium sulfate + CO2 + water
  • H2SO4 + CaCO3 → CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
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14
Q

ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER

A
  • ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER
  • nitric acid + copper oxide → copper nitrate + water
  • 2HNO3 + CuO → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O
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15
Q

Strong acids

A

Completely ionised and aqueous solutions

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16
Q

Weak acids

A

Only partially ionised and aqueous solutions

17
Q

How could you measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

A

Universal indicator or a ph probe

18
Q

What an exothermic energy profile looks like

A
19
Q

What an endothermic energy profile looks like

A
20
Q

Examples of exothermic reactions

A
  • Iron rusting
  • combustion reaction
  • Neutralisation reaction
21
Q

Endothermic reaction examples

A
  • Photosynthesis
  • Cooking an egg
  • dissolving salt in water

Chemistry C1 to C3 (6 decks)

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