C3 - Structure and Bonding Flashcards
What are the 3 states of matter?
- Solid, liquid and gas.
What are the particles like in a solid?
- Packed closely together.
- Vibrate around fixed positions.
What are the particles like in a liquid?
- Also close together.
- Can slip and slide over each other in random motion.
What are the particles like in a gas?
- Lots of space between them and zoom around randomly.
What happens in melting and boiling in the states of matter?
- Energy is transferred from the surroundings to the substance.
What happens in freezing and condensing in the states of matter?
- Energy is transferred from the substance to the surroundings.
How do elements form to create compounds?
- By gaining or losing electrons or by sharing electrons.
What happens in a reaction between group 1 elements and group 7 elements (halogens)?
- Atoms of group 1 elements can lose one electron to gain the stable electronic structure of a noble gas.
- The electron can be given to an atom from group.7 which will also now have the electronic structure of a noble gas.
What ions do group 1 form?
- 1+ ions.
What ions do group 2 form?
- 2+ ions.
What ions do group 3 form?
- 3+ ions when they form ions as opposed to sharing electrons.
What ions do group 4 form?
- They do not form ions; however, led and tin form ions at the bottom of the group.
What ions do group 5 form?
- 3- ions when they form ions as opposed to sharing electrons.
What ions do group 6 form?
- 2- ions when they form ions as opposed to sharing electrons.
What ions do group 7 form?
- 1- ions when they form ions as opposed to sharing electrons.