C3 Structure And Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

How does graphite conduct electricity

A

Delocalised electrons are free to move through graphite so can carry charges and allow an electrical current to flow

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2
Q

Nanotube

A

Hollow cylinder of carbon atoms

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3
Q

Relative mass proton neutron electron

A

Proton = 1

Neutron = 1

Electron = 0

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4
Q

Ion

A

When number of protons is different to number of electrons

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5
Q

Isotope

A

Atom of same element with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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6
Q

Why do solid ionic substances not conduct electricity

A

Ions are fixed in position and not free to carry charge

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7
Q

Delocalised

A

Free to move through the whole structure

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8
Q

How are positive metal ions attracted to delocalised electrons

A

Electrostatic force of attraction

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9
Q

How are pure metals malleable

A

Layers can slide over each other

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10
Q

4 properties of pure metals

A

Malleable

High melting boiling points

Good conductors of thermal energy

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11
Q

What did James Chadwick discover

A

Neutrons

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12
Q

2 properties of nanotubes

A

High tensile strength

Conduct electricity

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13
Q

How nanoparticles are able to catalyse reactions

A

The large surface area to volume ratios of nanoparticulate substances allows them to act as catalysts

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14
Q

How a metal and nanoparticles of the same metal can have different properties

A

The tiny size of nanoparticles compared to the same material in bulk

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15
Q

Why pure water can’t conduct electricity

A

Does not contain ions

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16
Q

Describe how metals conduct electricity

A

Due to the metallic bonding

In metallic bonding, the outer electrons are delocalised (free to move)

This produces an electrostatic force of attraction between the positively charged metal ions, and the negatively charged delocalised electrons

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17
Q

What happens when a magnesium atom reacts with an oxygen atom

A

The magnesium atom loses two electrons to form the Mg2+ cation

The oxygen atom gains these electrons to form the O2– anion

18
Q

Describe the structure and bonding of diamond

A

Each carbon atom is joined to four other carbon atoms by strong covalent bonds

Giant covalent structure

19
Q

The student adds zinc oxide to hydrochloric acid until the zinc oxide is in excess

Give one observation that the student could make to show that the zinc oxide is in excess

A

Undissolved zinc oxide at the bottom of the reaction container

20
Q

Why is excess zinc oxide used rather than excess hydrochloric acid?

A

Zinc oxide is insoluble in water, while hydrochloric acid is soluble

21
Q

One other compound that the student could add to hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride

A

Zinc sulfate

22
Q

Explain how these fractions are obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation

A

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation

Crude oil is heated to vaporize the different hydrocarbons in a tank which is cool at the top and hot at the bottom

The vapours then rise and the different hydrocarbons condense at their boiling points

23
Q

Petrol contains a hydrocarbon with the formula C9H20

Complete the equation for the complete combustion of C9H20

A

C9H20 + 14O2 → 9CO2 + 10H2O

24
Q

Conditions for cracking

A

High temperatures typically between 450 C to 750 C

25
How many outer electrons do noble gases have
8 Except helium has 2
26
2 C(s) + SiO2(s) → Si(s) + 2 CO(g) Explain what this reaction shows about the position of silicon in the reactivity series
Carbon is more reactive than silicon
27
Reactivity series
lists the metals in order of reactivity From the most reactive at the top potassium to the least reactive at the bottom gold
28
Top 3 of reactivity series
Potassium Sodium Lithium
29
3 last in reactivity series
Silver Gold platinum (lowest)
30
Why aluminium is more expensive than carbon.
Large amounts of electrical energy used in the extraction process for aluminum
31
1 observation the student can make to show the zinc oxide is in excess
Solid no longer disappears Solid remaining
32
How the student obtains crystals of zinc chloride from a solution of zinc chloride
Heat until crystallisation point is reached Leave solution to cool
33
How zinc copper and another substance can be used to light a lamp
Solution in container Zinc, electrode and copper electrode both inserted into solution
34
Why rubidium is more reactive than potassium
Rubidium's outer electron further from nucleus Less electrostatic attraction between nucleus and outer electron Outer electron more easily lost
35
Equation for reaction of rubidium with water
Rb + 2H2O -------------> 2RbOH + H2
36
Metal react with water
Metal + water ----------> metal hydroxide OH- + hydrogen H2
37
Noble gases boiling point trend
Increase as go down the group
38
How alkaline solution is produced
Sodium ions and hydroxide ions are left in solution Hydrogen ions reduced Chloride ions oxidised
39
Why products are difficult to separate if magnesium used to reduce silicon dioxide
Both products are solid
40
Calculate the minimum mass in grams of magnesium needed to completely reduce 1.2 kg of silicon dioxide.
40 x 24 = 960 grams