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Science 10 Unit C > C.3 Plant Multicelluarity > Flashcards

C.3 Plant Multicelluarity Flashcards

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1
Q

Why can’t multicellular organisms rely on simple “environment to cell” transfer of nutrients and wastes?

A

Only a few of the cells of multicellular organisms are in direct contact with the environment.

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2
Q

Division of labour

A

It is when cells from multicellular organism cells take on specialized functions.

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3
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells that work together to carry out a particular function.

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4
Q

Organs

A

Tissues that work together form organs.

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5
Q

Organ systems

A

Organs that work together form organ systems.

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6
Q

What creates multicellular organisms?

A

The interaction of organ systems. Multicellular organisms display a high level of ‘interdependence of cells”.

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7
Q

How many organ systems are there in plants?

A
  1. Shoot and root.
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8
Q

Shoot system

A

Comprises all of the plant above the ground.

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9
Q

Root system

A

Includes all of the underground tissues and any roots rising above ground.

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10
Q

Characteristics roots and shoot systems share.

A
  • systems
  • contain cells and tissues,
  • phloem
  • xylem
  • water
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11
Q

Root system characteristics.

A
  • brown
    -below ground
  • ‘gravs’ water, oxygen, and minerals from the soil
  • storage of food
  • anchors plants
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12
Q

Shoot system characteristics.

A
  • green
  • above ground
    -‘grabs’ sunlight
  • produces food through photosynthesis
  • distributes food
  • sexual reproduction
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13
Q

What is an example of a plant organ?

A

The leaf.

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14
Q

What is the leaf composed of and what do they work together to achieve?

A

The leaf, like all organs, is composed of a number of tissues. They work together in a leaf to achieve photosynthesis.

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15
Q

What are the tissues that make up the outer part of the plant called?

A

Dermal tissues.

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16
Q

What are the tissues in the middle part of the plant called?

A

Ground tissue.

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17
Q

What is another name for ground tissue?

A

mesophyll

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18
Q

What does the dermal tissue of the leaf, also known as the epidermis do?

A
  • acts to protect the leaf
  • permit the exchange of gasses
  • allow light to pass to the ground tissues.
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19
Q

What is Cuticle?

A

The waxy substance which coats the leaf in a layer, created by the epidermis.

20
Q

What does the cuticle do?

A

It protects the leaf from pests and disease and prevents dehydration.

21
Q

What is embedded in the epidermis?

A

Guard cells which surround openings, called stomata (singular stoma)

22
Q

What do the guard cells do?

A

They regulate the exchange of gases by changing their shape to control the size of the stomata.

23
Q

What do the guard cells do when water moves into the Stomata.

A

They swell and open. When water moves out they deflate and close.

24
Q

What is the mesophyll tissue of the leaf divided into?

A

two types or layer. The Palisade tissue and the Spongy mesophyll tissue.

25
Q

Palisade tissue

A

cells are long and narrow like columns and are packed closely together.

26
Q

Why are palisade tissue cells efficient for photosynthesis?

A

Because the cells are close to upper layer for maximum sunlight exposure and are full of chloroplasts.

27
Q

What do spongy mesophyll tissue contain less of?

A

chloroplasts.

28
Q

What do spongy mesophyll tissue cells look like?

A

Round and loosely packed with many air spaces around them allowing for water and gas exchange with the environment.

29
Q

What runs through the leaf mesophyll?

A

vascular bundles (veins) which are composed of 2 tissues themselves.

30
Q

What are the 2 tissues of the vascular bundles?

A

phloem and xylem

31
Q

What is phloem responsible for?

A

The movement of the products of photosynthesis: glucose.

32
Q

What is xylem responsible for?

A

The movement of water used in photosynthesis.

33
Q

What is the primary purpose of the leaf?

A

To photosynthesize.

34
Q

What does being an autotrophs (self feeders)producers mean?

A

Plants do not rely on other organisms for their energy requirements.

35
Q

How do plants get energy?

A

Like all photosynthetic organisms, plants convert
radiant energy from the sun into chemical potential
energy, stored in the bonds of the glucose molecule.

36
Q

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water ->->photosynthesis/light energy ->-> glucose +oxygen gas.

37
Q

What kind of reaction is photosynthesis and how does the energy act.

A

It is an endothermic reaction. The energy is required or acts as a reactant.

38
Q

What catalyst does photosynthesis require?

A

Chlorophyll which is found in chloroplasts. The
green pigment of chlorophyll helps for
the reaction to occur, but is not used up
in the reaction.

39
Q

Where does the water for photosynthesis move?

A

From the roots via the xylem to the leaves.

40
Q

Where does the carbon dioxide move in photosynthesis?

A

It moves via the stomata in the leaves.

41
Q

Transpiration

A

is the evaporation of water through the leaves

42
Q

Guard cells regulate the size of the stomata in order to…

A

increase or decrease the absorption of CO2 and the loss of oxygen and water. Oxygen is released to atmosphere as a product of photosynthesis.

43
Q

Lenticles

A

Are openings/pores in the stems of plants and are also involved in gas exchange.

44
Q

What do plant cells do when they require energy?

A

Their mitochondria participate in cellular respiration, process which is chemically the reverse of photosynthesis.

Glucose + Oxygen -> carbone dioxide + water + energy

45
Q

What causes movement through the xylem?

A

It’s like pulling fluid up a straw. Transpiration removes water form the leaves, creating suction, called tension or transpirations pull.

46
Q

What is cohesion?

A

attraction of water molecules for one another

47
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Attraction of water to the xylem.

Science 10 Unit C (2 decks)

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