C3. Diabetes and Blood Concentration Flashcards
Type I
In Type I diabetes, the immune system attacks the _cells in the _______of ______________-so they can’t produce any _________. After eating, the blood glucose level _____and stays high-this is called hyperglycaemia and can result in death if left untreated. The __________can’t reabsorb all this __________, so some of it’s excreted in the urine. Type I diabetes is treated with _________therapy. Most people with Type I diabetes need regular insulin injections throughout the day, but some people use an insulin pump to deliver insulin continuously instead. Insulin therapy has to be carefully controlled because too much can produce a dangerous drop in blood glucose levels - this is called hypoglycaemia. Eating regularly and controlling simple carbohydrate intake (intake of sugars) helps to avoid a sudden rise in glucose.
No one knows exactly what causes the immune system to attack the B cells and cause Type I diabetes. Scientists have found that some people have a genetic predisposition to developing Type I diabetes. They also think that the disease may be triggered by a ______infection.
In Type I diabetes, the immune system attacks the B cells in the islets of Langerhans-so they can’t produce any insulin. After eating, the blood glucose level rises and stays high-this is called hyperglycaemia and can result in death if left untreated. The kidneys reabsorb all this glucose, so some of it’s excreted in the urine. Type I diabetes is treated with insulin therapy. Most people with Type I diabetes need regular insulin injections throughout the day, but some people use an insulin pump to deliver insulin continuously instead. Insulin therapy has to be carefully controlled because too much can produce a dangerous drop in blood glucose levels - this is called hypoglycaemia. Eating regularly and controlling simple carbohydrate intake (intake of sugars) helps to avoid a sudden rise in glucose.
No one knows exactly what causes the immune system to attack the B cells and cause Type I diabetes. Scientists have found that some people have a genetic predisposition to developing Type I diabetes. They also think that the disease may be triggered by a viral infection.
Type II
Type II diabetes is usually acquired _______in life than Type I. It is often linked with __________and is more likely in people with a family history of the condition. Other risk factors include lack of exercise, age and poor diet. Type II diabetes occurs when the _ cells don’t produce enough __________or when the body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin. Cells don’t respond properly because the insulin ___________on their membranes don’t work properly, so the cells don’t take up enough glucose. This means the blood glucose concentration is _________than normal. It can be treated by eating a healthy, balanced diet, losing weight (if necessary) and regular exercise. Glucose-lowering medication can be taken if diet and exercise can’t control it. Eventually, insulin injections may be needed.
Type II diabetes is usually acquired later in life than Type I. It is often linked with obesity and is more likely in people with a family history of the condition. Other risk factors include lack of exercise, age and poor diet. Type II diabetes occurs when the B cells don’t produce enough insulin or when the body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin. Cells don’t respond properly because the insulin receptors on their membranes don’t work properly, so the cells don’t take up enough glucose. This means the blood glucose concentration is higher than normal. It can be treated by eating a healthy, balanced diet, losing weight (if necessary) and regular exercise. Glucose-lowering medication can be taken if diet and exercise can’t control it. Eventually, insulin injections may be needed.
