C3: Changing Industrial Location

Question 1

Primary Industries

Answer 1

Industries which use materials coming from the nature, such as mining and farming.

Question 2

Secondary Industries

Answer 2

Industries change raw materials into finished or semi-finished goods, such as textile, clothing, electronics and toy making.

Question 3

Tertiary Industries

Answer 3

Industries that provide service to people, such as banking, finance, retailing and education.

Question 4

Quaternary Industries

Answer 4

Industries including information and high level of technology, such as information technology (IT) and software development.

Question 5

Light Industries

Answer 5

Products are produced by light materials and light weight products, such as clothing and electronics.

Question 6

Heavy Industries

Answer 6

Products are produced by heavy, large, and bulky raw materials and the products have heavy weight, such as aluminium smelting and iron & steel industries.

Question 7

Capital Intensive Industries

Answer 7

A large amount of capital is required during the production process of a product, such as ship-building, iron & steel industries, and IT industries.

Question 8

Labour Intensive Industries

Answer 8

A large quantity of labour is used during the production process of a product, such as clothing and textile industries.

Question 9

What is the development of Hong Kong Industries during 1950-1959?

Answer 9

Industrialists coming from the mainland China with large amount of skills and capitals set up their industries in Hong Kong.
Light industries (textile industries) were common.

Question 10

What is the development of Hong Kong Industries during 1960-1979?

Answer 10

Various types of industries were set up and extended such as electronics.

Question 11

What is the development of Hong Kong Industries during 1980-2000?

Answer 11

The Opening Up Policy and Reform led to industrial relocation.
Industries were moved to the ZDRs for searching cheaper land and lowering the labour cost.
High tech industries were developed with the construction of the Cyber Port and the Science Park (suburbs).

Question 12

Locational factors affecting the development of an industrial system

Answer 12

SOS (Site, Operational, Socio-Economical)

Question 13

Introduce the Iron & Steel Industries in China.

Answer 13

They provided basic raw materials for other industries, especially automobile industries in the 1980s.

Question 14

What is the development of China’s Iron & Steel Industries in the 1950s?

Answer 14

Located in the Northeast Part of China.
- Overall Transportation System was poor
- Raw-material intensive, coal was heavy and bulky
- Cheaper
- Skilled Labour
- Flatland & Lowland was available

Example: Anshan Iron & Steel Industry

Question 15

What is the development of China’s Iron & Steel Industries in the 1960s?

Answer 15

Located in Inland China.
- Political Reasons (War)
- Economic Reasons (transportation system)
- Social Reasons (living standards)

Example: Wuhan, XIan, Baotou

Question 16

What is the development of China’s Iron & Steel Industries in the 1970s?

Answer 16

Located in Northeast and Southwest China.

Example: Xinjiang, Sichuan, Yunnan

Question 17

What is the development of China’s Iron & Steel Industries in the 1980s?

Answer 17

Located in the East Coast of China.
- Government Policies: Opening Up Policy and Reform, having some regions developed first
- Technological Advancement: scrap iron and steel, suppliers
- Transportation Improvement

Example: Shanghai, Guangzhou

Question 18

What is the development of China’s Iron & Steel Industries in the 2000s?

Answer 18

Located in the Northwest part of China
- Go West Policy / The Western Development Project
- Focus of development shifted to inland areas

Question 19

Introduce the IT industry in the USA.

Answer 19

Industries that involve in two main areas:
1. Production of computers and related electronic products and communication equipment
2. Development of social networking, computer software and its related services.

Question 20

Where the IT Industries usually located?

Answer 20

cluster in the suburbs of metropolises, such as Tech Coast in Los Angeles, Telecom corridor and the Silicon Valley.

They usually practice a separation of production.
- Headquarters and Research & Development Centres are found in the USA.
- Manufacturing Plants that involve standard assembling and production lines are usually located in less developed countries.

Question 21

What are the characteristics of IT industries?

Answer 21

• Transnational Corporations
• Research & Development Intensive
• Short product-life cycle
• Multi-point Production
• Global Market

Question 22

What are the reasons for industrial relocation?

Answer 22

• Change in locational factors
• Existence of new production modes
• Increasing concern towards the environment

Question 23

What are the socio-economical impacts on industrial relocation?

Answer 23

• Flow of labour (Intra-urban flow of labour)
• Unemployment (riots, social unrest)
• Restructuring the economy (decline of secondary sector –> tertiary sector)

Question 24

What are the environmental impacts on industrial relocation?

Answer 24

• Waste produced –> Threat to nearby residents
• Pollution
• Land and environmental degration