C3: Changing Industrial Location Flashcards
Primary Industries
Industries which use materials coming from the nature, such as mining and farming.
Secondary Industries
Industries change raw materials into finished or semi-finished goods, such as textile, clothing, electronics and toy making.
Tertiary Industries
Industries that provide service to people, such as banking, finance, retailing and education.
Quaternary Industries
Industries including information and high level of technology, such as information technology (IT) and software development.
Light Industries
Products are produced by light materials and light weight products, such as clothing and electronics.
Heavy Industries
Products are produced by heavy, large, and bulky raw materials and the products have heavy weight, such as aluminium smelting and iron & steel industries.
Capital Intensive Industries
A large amount of capital is required during the production process of a product, such as ship-building, iron & steel industries, and IT industries.
Labour Intensive Industries
A large quantity of labour is used during the production process of a product, such as clothing and textile industries.
What is the development of Hong Kong Industries during 1950-1959?
Industrialists coming from the mainland China with large amount of skills and capitals set up their industries in Hong Kong.
Light industries (textile industries) were common.
What is the development of Hong Kong Industries during 1960-1979?
Various types of industries were set up and extended such as electronics.
What is the development of Hong Kong Industries during 1980-2000?
The Opening Up Policy and Reform led to industrial relocation.
Industries were moved to the ZDRs for searching cheaper land and lowering the labour cost.
High tech industries were developed with the construction of the Cyber Port and the Science Park (suburbs).
Locational factors affecting the development of an industrial system
SOS (Site, Operational, Socio-Economical)
Introduce the Iron & Steel Industries in China.
They provided basic raw materials for other industries, especially automobile industries in the 1980s.
What is the development of China’s Iron & Steel Industries in the 1950s?
Located in the Northeast Part of China.
- Overall Transportation System was poor
- Raw-material intensive, coal was heavy and bulky
- Cheaper
- Skilled Labour
- Flatland & Lowland was available
Example: Anshan Iron & Steel Industry
What is the development of China’s Iron & Steel Industries in the 1960s?
Located in Inland China.
- Political Reasons (War)
- Economic Reasons (transportation system)
- Social Reasons (living standards)
Example: Wuhan, XIan, Baotou
What is the development of China’s Iron & Steel Industries in the 1970s?
Located in Northeast and Southwest China.
Example: Xinjiang, Sichuan, Yunnan
What is the development of China’s Iron & Steel Industries in the 1980s?
Located in the East Coast of China.
- Government Policies: Opening Up Policy and Reform, having some regions developed first
- Technological Advancement: scrap iron and steel, suppliers
- Transportation Improvement
Example: Shanghai, Guangzhou
What is the development of China’s Iron & Steel Industries in the 2000s?
Located in the Northwest part of China
- Go West Policy / The Western Development Project
- Focus of development shifted to inland areas
Introduce the IT industry in the USA.
Industries that involve in two main areas:
1. Production of computers and related electronic products and communication equipment
2. Development of social networking, computer software and its related services.
Where the IT Industries usually located?
cluster in the suburbs of metropolises, such as Tech Coast in Los Angeles, Telecom corridor and the Silicon Valley.
They usually practice a separation of production.
- Headquarters and Research & Development Centres are found in the USA.
- Manufacturing Plants that involve standard assembling and production lines are usually located in less developed countries.
What are the characteristics of IT industries?
- Transnational Corporations
- Research & Development Intensive
- Short product-life cycle
- Multi-point Production
- Global Market
What are the reasons for industrial relocation?
- Change in locational factors
- Existence of new production modes
- Increasing concern towards the environment
What are the socio-economical impacts on industrial relocation?
- Flow of labour (Intra-urban flow of labour)
- Unemployment (riots, social unrest)
- Restructuring the economy (decline of secondary sector –> tertiary sector)
What are the environmental impacts on industrial relocation?
- Waste produced –> Threat to nearby residents
- Pollution
- Land and environmental degration
